Peran Cahaya Alami terhadap Masjid (Tempat Ibadah)

Cahaya adalah hal yang sangat penting dalam desain sebuah masjid. Cahaya digambarkan sebagai ciptaan Allah, Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, yang merupakan simbol positif dan mampu menerangi sesuatu yang tadinya gelap. Oleh karena itu, umumnya desain masjid memasukkan elemen pencahayaan, baik alami maupun buatan, dalam konsep perancangannya. Waktu pelaksanaan ibadah juga menjadi hal yang penting untuk dipertimbangkan, karena sholat wajib dikerjakan dalam lima waktu dalam sehari, yaitu Subuh saat menjelang pagi, Dzuhur saat siang hari (termasuk sholat Jum’at), Asar saat sore hari, Maghrib saat matahari terbenam, dan Isya’ saat malam hari. Karena saat waktu matahari tampak bersinar ada dua waktu sholat, terlebih sholat Jum’at yang dikerjakan secara berjamaah, maka peran cahaya matahari sebagai pencahayaan alami yang menerangi ruangan masjid sangatlah besar.

Pada umumnya, bangunan masjid memiliki bentuk luas persegi dengan mihrab pada ujungnya. Biasanya, pada mihrab terdapat mimbar/podium dan bagian sisi-sisi mihrab terdapat desain seni untuk memperindah tampilan. Umumnya ketinggian langit-langit mihrab juga lebih rendah daripada ruang sholat ma’mum dan pada bagian dinding kiblat terdapat lubang kaca kecil sebagai pencahayaan alami. Lubang kaca juga dapat diletakkan di bagian atas dinding masjid, di bawah kubah masjid dengan mengelilinginya, atau di bawah atap piramid persegi (biasanya di Indonesia). Adanya akses pencahayaan alami ini merupakan isyarat bahwa cahaya adalah ciptaan Allah SWT yang melambangkan hal-hal positif yang menghilangkan hal-hal negatif dan menerangi seluruh elemen yang ada di dalam bangunan masjid.

Selain dengan lubang kaca kecil, bangunan masjid dirancang untuk memasukkan cahaya alami ke dalam ruangan melalui dinding pada sisi-sisi bangunan berupa jendela kaca dan/atau pintu kaca. Inilah akses cahaya alami yang utama dan dapat menerima banyak cahaya matahari. Umumnya masjid-masjid memiliki jendela-jendela kaca yang banyak dan lebar agar dapat menerangi seluruh ruang tunggal masjid. Selain itu sebagai tempat umum, masjid tidak memerlukan dinding penghalang yang berlebihan karena tidak adanya privasi di dalam ruang sholat. Jendela kaca atau pintu kaca yang transparan tanpa warna dan lebar membuat orang dari luar dapat melihat kondisi di dalam masjid dan sebaliknya orang-orang di dalam masjid dapat mengetahui kondisi di sekitar masjid. Dalam perancangannya membutuhkan pengaturan tingkat kecerahan tertentu agar kegiatan di dalamnya dapat berjalan baik dan nyaman. Hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan adalah bentuk bukaan, ukuran, serta arah datangnya sinar matahari. Kurangnya cahaya alami membuat ketidaknyamanan karena terkesan suram. Lalu perhitungan pada desain pencahayaan alami juga harus tepat agar ruangan tidak panas karena masuknya cahaya matahari secara langsung. Pemilihan bahan juga memengaruhi hasil pencahayaan. Tirai, kaca buram, atau penyaring cahaya, dapat digunakan dalam akses pencahayaan alami pada masjid.

Pola ruang dalam masjid terus berkembang dan bervarisi seiring berkembangnya zaman. Menurut sejarah, ketika Nabi Muhammad SAW membangun masjid Nabawi saat pertama kali, bentuknya berupa bangunan persegi yang sangat sederhana sebagai ruang sholat berjamaah dan juga dapat digunakan untuk bermusyawarah. Kemudian bentuk masjid Nabawi terus berkembang hingga yang dapat kita lihat saat ini, baik langsung maupun hanya foto. Pola persegi tunggal bukanlah satu-satunya pola yang digunakan sampai zaman sekarang. Berbagai pola dikembangkan, diaplikasikan, dan dikombinasikan sesuai dengan selera dan kebutuhan. Pola pada Masjidil Haram juga tidaklah persegi, tetapi mengelilingi Ka’bah sebagai kiblat. Lalu pada berbagai masjid di berbagai belahan dunia juga banyak yang memiliki lebih dari satu pola karena masjid tidak hanya digunakan sebagai ruang sholat berjamaah, tetapi juga ada ruang wudhu, ruang kantor pengurus, perpustakaan, menara, dan fasilitas penunjang lainnya. Namun pada dasarnya orientasi yang terbentuk tetap sama, yaitu pada bagian ujung terdapat mihrab serta mimbar sebagai “tempat yang menjadi pusat perhatian” karena sebagai tempat imam memimpin sholat berjamaah dan menyampaikan khutbah. Orientasi tersebut semakin diperjelas dengan adanya penataan furnitur, seperti mimbar sebagai tempat duduk dan berdiri yang dilengkapi mikrofon dan karpet khusus bagi imam.

Menara yang berada di luar ruang sholat masjid juga menjadi penekanan dalam desain masjid, meskipun tidak harus ada. Umumnya menara masjid memiliki atap berupa kubah dan ada pula yang dikombinasikan dengan atap tradisional seperti di Indonesia. Menara masjid pada zaman dahulu digunakan sebagai tempat muazzin mengumandangkan adzan. Di zaman sekarang menara masjid digunakan sebagai tempat corong pengeras suara adzan. Maksud dari kedua hal tadi adalah agar suara adzan dapat menjangkau tempat yang lebih jauh. Menara masjid juga dapat dinaiki seseorang hingga lantai teratas sebagai tempat pengamatan. Menara masjid harus memiliki akses pencahayaan yang cukup serta lebar agar pemandangan sekitar yang terlihat dari atas dapat lebih jelas dan luas. Desain menara juga mendukung tampilan masjid karena memperlihatkan fungsi masjid sebagai tempat ibadah kepada Allah Yang Maha Tinggi dan menimbulkan nilai estetika yang bagus. Desain menara perlu dipertimbangkan secara matang agar dapat memanfaatkan cahaya alami untuk pencahayaan di siang hari sekaligus mempertegas bentuk keindahan menara.

Demikianlah penjelasan dari artikel mengenai desain maket Betterpad-Ray (Benteng Terpadu Raya). Insya Allah bisa diwujudkan. Aamiin. Mohon maaf apabila ada kesalahan terutama di artikel ini.

Referensi:

·         Manurung, Parmonangan. Pencahayaan Alami dalam Arsitektur. 2012. Yogyakarta: ANDI. (https://archive.org/stream/BukuArsitektur/1713_Pencahayaan%20Alami%20dalam%20Arsitektur#mode/2up)

MAQUETTE BETTERPAD-RAY - The Role of Natural Light on the Office

An office is a building that is generally used by certain agencies, companies or organizations that have various jobs in it. Offices have various types and specifications of each. But in general, offices have similarities in terms of organizational space, dimensions, and space requirements in accommodating activities. Similarly, the working time. There are many offices, especially in cities or government, that have five working days per week. Each room is filled for eight to ten hours of work in a day. While other offices can have shorter duration of work in a day but operate for six days a week. The operational time is certainly considered for the sake of optimal work effectiveness and human labor from morning to evening. The sun's circulation time also affects the duration of work, because sunlight is available from morning to evening and this greatly affects human performance.

In an office there is the same activity, namely "work". The difference is in the type of work done, how to do it, and other needs in the work process. These differences must be accommodated by a design.

Office is a function where visual matters are very important so that the lighting must meet the requirements of brightness and glare. Another thing that must also be considered is the view outside the room. So, the need in design has become a necessity to provide a room with a brightness level that is in accordance with the activities carried out in the room. The types of activities in an office can vary, for example working with computers, writing, reading, meeting, and technical activities with high accuracy, each of which requires different lighting, especially natural light. Likewise with the level of glare, it must be reduced or muted to the least possible so that various activities in it can be done properly.

If you look at offices in the city center, both directly and through information media, whether real events or in films, including the United States and Hong Kong for example, which has a lot of skyscrapers, it can be seen that the office the office is usually a multi-storey building or located inside. These buildings are generally designed to use transparent glass-based walls. Indeed, such buildings can have problems with other buildings in natural lighting problems, namely frequent access to sunlight that is acceptable to buildings. But technology continues to grow rapidly so that it is able to overcome this. Glass walls are part of various systems for inserting and spreading sunlight to all spaces that have been used in office design. The selection of transparent walls is able to create a room that meets the requirements of light requirements, especially in tall buildings where the wall does not act as a building structure system. However, glass has a weakness as a building material that reflects sound. Without good and proper consideration and calculation, the use of glass material on all sides of the building can result in a poor sound system.

By optimizing sunlight in office spaces, the use of energy to activate artificial lighting can certainly be reduced. Artificial lighting is still needed for spaces that do not have access to sunlight. But with good utilization of sunlight, the dependence on artificial lighting can be even smaller.

Betterpad-Ray maquette/model/mockup (Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated Fortress "Mural Wall") is a complex design of buildings that can be used as an office, God willing. Betterpad-Ray design is a collection of buildings located on a large and flat land. The designs of these buildings are made according to their respective functions and uses. Because of that the Betterpad-Ray design is indeed suitable for use as an office. Betterpad-Ray design is suitable for offices that have a normal and long working duration. The maquette/model/mockup is designed to be able to provide various facilities for the people in it, for example employees and leaders who work who need a comfortable work space, resting and eating places, places of worship, bathrooms, and so on. So if someone works for a longer duration, it will feel comfortable.

Shahada Mosque (Masjid Syahadat)

Civilization Pavilion (Pendapa Peradaban)

Betterpad-Ray Main Building

The Betterpad-Ray model design considers aspects of human needs in terms of lighting, in this case natural lighting from sunlight that is beneficial to humans. The hope, the Betterpad-Ray model that gives a depiction of access to natural light in the form of glass windows can make a party realize it so that the employees in it can work comfortably. From its form, the Betterpad-Ray Main Building which is located in the middle of the complex design of the building is indeed worthy of being used as the main office, because of its large size, has many windows that are of sufficient size, and look multifunctional. In order to be able to adjust the entry of sunlight into it as needed, curtains will be attached to each part of the window. Besides that, there is the Civilization Pavilion (Pendapa Peradaban) which directly faces the main page. The Pendapa is a large hall that has sides in the form of supporting poles without a cover wall (except the back) which can be used for office or organizational events. Semi-open space makes natural light easily enter the pendapa and air circulation more smoothly. Then for Muslims who want to pray can do it at the Shahada Mosque (Masjid Syahadat) which has many windows so that natural lighting in it can be obtained properly. It is already common if some offices in Indonesia have mosques, because Indonesia is the country with the largest number of Muslims in the world.

Indeed, if seen, the Betterpad-Ray model is a design of a building complex that does not have a skyscraper. All of the designs are relatively low-rise buildings, except for two buildings that are seen as towers, that alone cannot be said to be as tall as a skyscraper. Indeed, this complex of buildings tends to make use of sufficiently large land and in private opinion because of security factors. Best that this building complex also be built in a place far from skyscrapers to be safer and easier to get natural light.

This is the explanation of the article about the Betterpad-Ray (Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated Fortress) model design. God willing, it can be realized. Aamiin. Sorry if there is an error especially in this article.

Reference:

·         Manurung, Parmonangan. Pencahayaan Alami dalam Arsitektur. 2012. Yogyakarta: ANDI. (https://archive.org/stream/BukuArsitektur/1713_Pencahayaan%20Alami%20dalam%20Arsitektur#mode/2up)

(Architecture Hobby)

MAKET BETTERPAD-RAY - Peran Cahaya Alami terhadap Kantor

Kantor adalah bangunan yang umumnya digunakan oleh instansi, perusahaan, atau organisasi tertentu yang terdapat berbagai pekerjaan di dalamnya. Kantor memiliki beragam tipe dan spesifikasi masing-masing. Namun secara umum, kantor memiliki kesamaan dalam hal organisasi ruang, dimensi, serta kebutuhan ruang dalam mengakomodasi kegiatan. Begitu pula dengan waktu kerjanya. Ada banyak kantor, terutama di kota-kota atau pemerintahan, memiliki waktu lima hari kerja per minggu. Masing-masing ruang diisi selama delapan sampai sepuluh jam kerja dalam sehari. Sementara kantor lainnya bisa memiliki durasi kerja lebih pendek dalam sehari namun beroperasi selama enam hari dalam seminggu. Waktu operasional tersebut tentu dipertimbangkan demi efektivitas kerja dan tenaga manusia yang lebih optimal dari pagi hingga sore hari. Waktu edar matahari juga memengaruhi durasi kerja, karena cahaya matahari tersedia dari pagi hingga sore hari dan hal ini sangat memengaruhi kinerja manusia.

Di dalam sebuah kantor terdapat kegiatan yang sama, yaitu “bekerja”. Perbedaannya dalam hal jenis pekerjaan yang dilakukan, cara melakukan, serta kebutuhan-kebutuhan lain dalam proses pekerjaan tersebut. Perbedaan-perbedaan inilah yang harus diakomodasi oleh sebuah desain.

Kantor adalah salah satu fungsi di mana hal visual sangat penting sehingga pencahayaannya harus memenuhi persyaratan tingkat kecerahan dan kesilauan. Hal lain yang juga harus dipertimbangkan adalah pandangan ke luar ruang. Jadi, kebutuhan dalam desain sudah menjadi kebutuhan untuk menyediakan ruangan dengan tingkat kecerahan yang sesuai dengan kegiatan yang dilakukan di dalam ruangan itu. Jenis kegiatan dalam sebuah kantor dapat beragam, misalnya bekerja dengan menggunakan komputer, kegiatan menulis, membaca, rapat, dan kegiatan teknis dengan ketelitian yang tinggi, yang masing-masing membutuhkan pencahayaan yang berbeda-beda, khususnya cahaya alami. Begitu pula dengan tingkat kesilauan, harus dikurangi atau diredam hingga sekecil mungkin agar berbagai kegiatan di dalamnya dapat dilakukan dengan baik.

Jika melihat kantor-kantor yang berada di pusat kota, baik langsung maupun melalui media informasi, baik kejadian nyata atau di film-film, termasuk Amerika Serikat dan Hong Kong misalnya, yang memiliki banyak sekali gedung-gedung pencakar langit, maka dapat diketahui bahwa kantor-kantor tersebut biasanya merupakan bangunan berlantai banyak atau terletak di dalamnya. Bangunan-bangunan tersebut umumnya sudah dirancang untuk menggunakan dinding transparan berbahan kaca. Memang bangunan-bangunan seperti itu dapat memiliki masalah dengan bangunan lain dalam masalah pencahayaan alami, yaitu sering tertutupnya akses cahaya matahari yang dapat diterima bangunan. Namun teknologi terus berkembang pesat sehingga mampu mengatasi hal tersebut. Dinding kaca adalah bagian dari berbagai sistem untuk memasukkan dan menyebarkan cahaya matahari ke seluruh ruang yang telah dimanfaatkan pada desain kantor. Pemilihan dinding transparan mampu menciptakan ruangan yang memenuhi persyaratan kebutuhan cahaya, terutama pada bangunan-bangunan tinggi di mana dinding tidak berperan sebagai sistem struktur bangunan. Namun, kaca memiliki kelemahan sebagai bahan bangunan yaitu memantulkan suara. Tanpa pertimbangan dan perhitungan yang baik dan tepat, penggunaan material kaca di seluruh sisi bangunan dapat mengakibatkan sistem tata suara yang buruk.

Dengan mengoptimalkan cahaya matahari pada ruang-ruang kantor, maka penggunaan energi untuk mengaktifkan pencahayaan buatan tentu dapat dikurangi. Pencahayaan buatan masih dibutuhkan untuk ruang-ruang yang tidak memiliki akses cahaya matahari. Namun dengan pemanfaatan cahaya matahari yang baik, ketergantungan pada pencahayaan buatan dapat semakin kecil.

Maket Betterpad-Ray (Benteng Terpadu Raya “Tembok Mural”) adalah desain kompleks bangunan yang dapat digunakan sebagai kantor, Insya Allah. Desain Betterpad-Ray adalah sekumpulan bangunan yang berada di lahan yang luas dan datar. Desain bangunan-bangunan tersebut dibuat sesuai dengan fungsi dan kegunaannya masing-masing. Karena itu desain Betterpad-Ray memang cocok digunakan sebagai perkantoran. Desain Betterpad-Ray cocok digunakan untuk kantor yang memiliki durasi kerja yang normal dan panjang. Maket tersebut memang didesain agar mampu menyediakan berbagai fasilitas bagi orang-orang di dalamnya, misalnya para karyawan dan pimpinan yang bekerja yang membutuhkan ruang kerja yang nyaman, tempat istirahat dan makan, tempat ibadah, kamar mandi, dan sebagainya. Jadi jika ada yang bekerja dalam durasi waktu yang lebih lama, maka akan terasa nyaman.

Desain maket Betterpad-Ray mempertimbangkan aspek kebutuhan manusia dalam hal pencahayaan, dalam hal ini adalah pencahayaan alami dari sinar matahari yang bermanfaat bagi manusia. Harapannya, maket Betterpad-Ray yang memberi penggambaran akses cahaya alami berupa jendela kaca dapat membuat suatu pihak bisa mewujudkannya agar para karyawan di dalamnya dapat bekerja dengan nyaman. Dari wujudnya, Bangunan Utama Betterpad-Ray yang terletak di tengah-tengah desain kompleks bangunan memang layak digunakan sebagai kantor utama, karena ukurannya yang besar, memiliki banyak jendela yang ukurannya cukup, serta terlihat multifungsi. Agar dapat mengatur masuknya cahaya matahari ke dalam sesuai kebutuhan, maka akan dipasang gordin pada setiap bagian dalam jendela. Selain itu ada Pendapa Peradaban yang langsung berhadapan dengan halaman utama. Pendapa tersebut merupakan aula besar yang memiliki sisi-sisi berupa tiang penyangga tanpa dinding penutup (kecuali bagian belakang) yang dapat digunakan untuk acara kantor atau organisasi. Ruang semi terbuka membuat cahaya alami mudah masuk ke dalam pendapa serta sirkulasi udara lebih lancar. Lalu bagi para muslim yang hendak sembahyang dapat melakukannya di Masjid Syahadat yang memiliki banyak jendela sehingga pencahayaan alami di dalamnya dapat diperoleh dengan baik. Memang sudah umum jika sebagian kantor-kantor di Indonesia memiliki masjid, karena Indonesia adalah negara dengan jumlah muslim terbesar di dunia.

Memang jika dilihat, maket Betterpad-Ray adalah desain kompleks bangunan yang tidak memiliki gedung pencakar langit. Semua desainnya merupakan bangunan dengan tinggi relatif rendah, kecuali ada dua bangunan yang terlihat sebagai menara, itu saja belum bisa dikatakan tinggi seperti gedung pencakar langit. Memang kompleks bangunan ini cenderung untuk memanfaatkan lahan yang cukup luas dan secara pendapat pribadi karena faktor keamanan. Sebaiknya kompleks bangunan ini juga dibangun di tempat yang jauh dari gedung pencakar langit agar lebih aman dan mudah memperoleh cahaya alami.

Masjid Syahadat

Pendapa Peradaban

Bangunan Utama Betterpad-Ray

Demikianlah penjelasan dari artikel mengenai desain maket Betterpad-Ray (Benteng Terpadu Raya). Insya Allah bisa diwujudkan. Aamiin. Mohon maaf apabila ada kesalahan terutama di artikel ini.

Referensi:

·         Manurung, Parmonangan. Pencahayaan Alami dalam Arsitektur. 2012. Yogyakarta: ANDI. (https://archive.org/stream/BukuArsitektur/1713_Pencahayaan%20Alami%20dalam%20Arsitektur#mode/2up)

(Hobi Arsitektur)

MAQUETTE BETTERPAD-RAY - Definition and Types of Disasters

There are several definitions of disasters which essentially damage and have a negative impact, especially for humans. Some definitions tend to reflect the following characteristics [(Carter, 1991; Law Number 24, 2007(Indonesia Law)].

• Disruption or disorder in the normal pattern of life. This disruption or disorder is usually severe, occurs suddenly, unexpectedly, and the coverage area is wide enough or causes many casualties.

• Impacts on humans such as loss of life, injuries, and loss of property.

• Impact on the main supporters of social and economic structures such as damage to infrastructure: road systems, clean water, electricity, communication, and other important utility services.

• Disaster risk is the potential loss caused by a disaster in a certain area and period of time that can be in the form of death, injury, illness, life threatening, loss of sense of security, displacement, damage or loss of property, and disruption of community activities.

• Disaster-prone is the condition or geological, biological, hydrological, climatological, geographical, social, cultural, political, economic and technological characteristics of an area for a certain period of time which reduces the ability to prevent, muffle, achieve readiness, and reduce the ability to respond to impacts bad certain danger.

From several dictionaries, disaster translated as follows:

• An event that causes major loss or damage and serious or sudden misfortune (Webster's New World Dictionary, 1983).

• A very bad accident that caused many people to die (Collins Cobuild Dictionary, 1988).

• Adverse events, sudden misfortune, catastrophe (New Webster Dictionary, 1997)

Disaster definition in the Disaster Management book - A Disaster Manager's Handbook (Carter) is an event, natural or man-made, sudden or progressive, which has a devastating effect so that the affected community must respond with action - extraordinary actions.

In Law Number 24 of 2007 concerning Disaster Management, disasters are defined as events or series of events that threaten and disrupt the lives and livelihoods of people caused by natural factors and / or non-natural factors and human factors resulting in human casualties, environmental damage, property losses objects, and psychological effects.

Furthermore, according to Law Number 24 of 2007 disasters consist of: natural disasters, non-natural disasters, and social disasters, each of which is defined as follows:

• Natural disasters: disasters caused by events or a series of events caused by nature include earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, floods, droughts, hurricanes, and landslides.

• Non-natural disasters are disasters caused by events or a series of non-natural events, including failures of technology, failure of modernization, epidemics and epidemic of a disease.

• Social disasters are disasters caused by events or a series of events that are caused by humans which include social conflicts between groups or between communities, and terror.

More specifically for certain locations, namely on the coast, in Law Number 27 of 2007 (Indonesia) concerning Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands, coastal disasters are defined as events due to natural events or because of actions by people that cause changes in the physical and / or biological properties of the coast and result in loss of life, property and / or damage in coastal areas and small islands.

Law Number 7 of 2004 concerning Water Resources does not specify the definition of disaster explicitly but is categorized in terms of controlling the destructive power of water. It is stated that the destructive power of water is water that causes damage and / or disaster. According to Law Number 7 of 2004 concerning Water Resources, the types of destructive power of water, namely water resources that cause damage and / or disaster are shown in the following table.

1. Floods 2. Erosion and sedimentation 3. Landslides 4. Cold lava floods 5. Land subsidence 6. Changes in the nature and content of chemicals, biology and physics of water

7. Endangered species of plants and / or animals are threatened 8. Outbreaks of disease 9. Intrusion 10. Seepage Note: drought should be categorized as a disaster and proposed to be included in the Law on Water Resources (Kodoatie and Sjarief, 2005)

In Law Number 24 of 2007, stated the types of disasters as shown in the following table.

Alph.	Category	Num.	Type	Alph.	Category	Num.	Type
A.	Natural Disasters	1 2 3 4 5 6 7	Earthquakes Tsunami Volcanic eruption Flood Drought Hurricane Landslides	C.	Social Disasters	11 12 13	Social conflicts between groups Social conflict between communities Terror
B.	Non-natural disasters	8 9 10	Technology failure Failed modernization Epidemics

In the book Disaster Management Handbook (Carter, 1991) mentioned types of disasters as listed in the following table.

1. Earthquake 2. Volcanic eruptions 3. Tsunami 4. Hurricane 5. Floods 6. Landslides

7.      Fires (Forests, in cities) 8. Drought 9. Epidemi 10. Big accident 11. Mass riots

There are additional types of disasters (Kodoatie, 2008b), namely:

•           Smoke disaster

•           Bomb

•           Disasters: due to technological failures, due to incorrect policies: infiltration wells in landslide areas, housing permits in catchment areas cause flooding, due to negligence, due to improper planning, due to mismanagement, due to violations [Law / (Norms, Standards, Guidelines, and Manuals)] : carelessly dispose of trash in prohibited places that cause flooding, plant seasonal crops in areas vulnerable to land movement that cause landslides. (changed as needed).

In Indonesia, if all types of disasters from some of these sources are combined, it turns out that there are and occur in Indonesia, things that need to be contemplated and to reflect on themselves. It should be realized that perhaps only Indonesia has experienced life that coexists with all kinds of disasters.

Disaster Type Combined Table from Various Sources

1. Typhoons (tornadoes, whirlwinds, bohorok winds, leeches) 2. Smoke 3. Storm 4. Cold lava floods 5. Floods 6. Disasters due to failure of modernization 7. Disasters due to technological failures 8. Disasters due to negligence 9. Disasters due to violations of laws / (norms, standards, guidelines, and manuals) 10. Disasters due to wrong policies 11. Disasters due to mismanagement 12. Disasters due to misplaced planning 13. Bomb 14. Erosion and sedimentation 15. Large waves

16. Earthquakes 17. Mounts erupt 18. Intrusion 19. Fall of an airplane 20. The ship sank in the sea 21. Fires (Forests, in Cities) 22. Big accident 23. Drought 24. Mass riots 25. Inter-group or inter-community social conflict 26. permeation 27. Changes in the nature and content of chemicals, biology and physics of water. 28. Land subsidence 29. Landslides 30. Endangered species of plants and / or animals 31. Terror 32. Tsunami 33. Epidemic

(Translate from this Indonesian language article)

God willing, if realized, the development plan of the Betterpad-Ray design (Benteng Terpadu Raya/Great Integrated Fortress "Mural Wall") will consider disasters that might occur and affect the building complex of this design. Because disasters are destructive, it is endeavored that the Betterpad-Ray design is not built in disaster-prone places, even though humans cannot predict when and where disasters occur and of course only God knows best. But at least there are disaster-prone maps that can be used as a reference so that they can avoid disasters in the area and in terms of development, they prefer a safe and comfortable place. Planning for the construction of the Betterpad-Ray complex must be made appropriately so that it meets expectations, namely the development runs smoothly in the right way. In development, it must be done appropriately so that no things are not expected and the building can stand firmly. And access to evacuation and rescue for various disasters must be provided properly so as to avoid unexpected losses or victims, both from pure natural disasters, non-natural disasters, and social disasters.

The Betterpad-Ray maquette/model/mockup is a building complex design that has a positive purpose, one part of that goal is disaster education and training. Disasters are indeed detrimental to humans, both natural and human-caused disasters. In bad things, in this case it is a disaster, there are two ways to avoid the negative effects, they are prevention and treatment. Each disaster has a causal factor and signs that must be known by every human being to be able to deal with it properly and safely so that it is safe and secure. So it is necessary to provide socialization and understanding of disasters in order to minimize the negative impacts that exist, and even prevent those disasters which are mainly due to human activities. In addition, the existing agency or organization must be able to cope with and handle disasters in accordance with their duties, capabilities, and in the right way.

Insha Allah (God Willing), Maket Betterpad-Ray has a goal to be a place to carry out these activities. The building that can be used is Civilization Pavilion (Pendapa Peradaban), which is a pavilion that functions as a Hall and Betterpad-Ray Main Building which from its form can be known that it is the main office that can be done to perform tasks. Civilization Pavilion (Pendapa Peradaban) can function as a place of counseling, meetings, seminars, or other things about discussing disaster issues that bring together various parties. Whereas the Betterpad-Ray Main Building functions as an administrative place, internal meeting, or individual and organizational tasks. Then the Shahada Mosque (Masjid Syahadat) as a place for religious studies can also be used to deliver education about protecting the environment to avoid disasters.

Indeed, it needs to be realized that Indonesia is a disaster-prone country and the Betterpad-Ray model is likely to be built in Indonesia because Indonesia is my residence place and the Betterpad-Ray design was indeed made to fit Indonesia's conditions. In Indonesia there have been various disasters that have had many negative impacts. Some of these disasters cannot be predicted. The position of Indonesia, which is a meeting of continental plates and meeting of oceanic, makes it have a lot of natural wealth as well as the potential for major natural disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and so on. Not to mention other natural disasters due to environmental damage or non-natural disasters. For unpredictable natural disasters, anticipatory steps need to be made, for example in this case making buildings earthquake resistant. Whereas derived from human factors, it is necessary to increase Human Resources and empowerment. God willing, Betterpad-Ray can be used as a forum for disaster management and handling.

Shahada Mosque (Masjid Syahadat)

Civilization Pavilion (Pendapa Peradaban)

Betterpad-Ray Main Building

This is the explanation of the article about the Betterpad-Ray (Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated Fortress) model design. God willing, it can be realized. Aamiin. Sorry if there is an error especially in this article.

Reference:

·       Robert J. Kodoatie and Roestam Sjarief. Tata Ruang Air. 2010. Yogyakarta: ANDI. (https://archive.org/stream/BukuArsitektur/1822_Tata%20Ruang%20Air#mode/2up)

(Architecture Hobby)