To
face the various oppressions of the Quraish infidels, Rasulullah prevented the
Companions from publicly announcing their Islamization. They only gathered in
secret so as not to be known by the polytheists. The secret gathering place of
the Muslims was the house of Arqam bin Abi Arqam Al-Makhzumi on the hill of
Safa, a place which the polytheists did not pay attention to. However,
Rasulullah continued to preach and worship openly.
The
oppression carried out by unbelievers against the Muslims in the middle and end
of the fourth year of prophethood is still mild. But during the middle of the
fifth year of prophethood, their actions grew louder. This makes the Muslims
want to find another place to maintain and implement Islamic teachings safely.
So
the first group of Muslims from among the companions emigrated to the land of
Habashah / Ethiopia in the month of Rajab in the 5th year of Prophethood. They
consisted of 12 men and 4 women and left secretly. Uthman bin Affan acted as
leader of the group accompanied by his wife, Ruqayyah bint Rasulullah.
They
succeeded in emigrating safely from Mecca until they reached their destination,
even though the infidels had chased them to the shore, but they were already on
board and sailing across the sea. They can live safely in Habashah and get
protection from the country's rulers.
In
Shawwal in the same year, they had received news that the Quraysh had converted
to Islam. So they immediately returned to their homeland. But when they almost
arrived in Mecca, they found out that the news was not true. So some of them
returned to Habashah and some sought refuge with the people of Mecca.
Violence
perpetrated by unbelievers happens continuously and gets heavier. So Prophet
Muhammad allowed the companions to migrate to Habashah for the second time. The
second group consisted of 83 men and 19 women. This migration to Habashah is the
first migration in Islam.
The
Qurasiy infidels were increasingly agitated when they learned that the Muslims
in Habashah were living safely and were protected by local authorities. So they
sent two persistent and clever people, namely ‘Amr bin Ash and Abdullah bin
Rabi'ah (before entering Islam) with various gifts. They met with King Najasyi
and persuaded him to repatriate the Muslims back to Mecca. But King Najasyi
made a wise decision to protect the Muslims and added an explanation of the
nature of Islam from Ja'far bin Abu Talib who represented the friends. So the
polytheists returned to Mecca without any results. The following is their
conversation based on a history:
When
‘Amr bin Ash and Abdullah bin Rabi'ah met with king Najasyi, they said, "
Your Majesty the King, those who come to this country are our shameless slaves.
They abandoned their national religion and also did not adhere to the religion
of your majesty, they brought a self-created religion that we did not know and
your majesty did not know it. We were sent by their leaders so that your
majesty would return those people to them. They knew more about how those
people defiled and cursed ".
In
fact the two envoys had made an agreement with the royal dignitaries after
receiving gifts to try to repatriate the Muslims to Quraish. King Najasyi did
not know this yet. He refused to do so before knowing the explanation from the
Muslim side. Ja'far bin Abu Talib acted as a spokesman for the Muslims.
King
Najasyi asked the Muslims, "What religion makes you leave your community,
but also do not adhere to my religion or other religions?"
Ja'far
replied, "Your Majesty the King, at that time we lived in ignorance, we
worshiped idols, ate carcasses, committed crimes, severed relations with
relatives, did not do good to neighbors, strong oppressive weak. This is our
situation until God sent an Messenger from among us who we have known for a
long time, he was honest, trustworthy, and clean. He invited us to worship the
Almighty God, leaving behind idols that we and our ancestors worshiped. He
advocated not lying, being honest, and having good family and neighbor
relations, and avoiding violence and other prohibited acts. He forbade us to do
evil and say lies, forbade us to eat the property of orphans or dishonor holy
women. He told us to perform prayers, zakat, and fasting. (then called some
Islamic provisions). We justify it, we carry out God's commands, then we only
worship the One God, not associating Him with others. We stay away from the
haram and do the halal. Therefore, our society is hostile to us, torturing us
and inciting us to abandon our religion and return to worshiping idols, to
justify all evil. They forced us, persecuted us, prevented us from our
religion, so we went to this country. King is also our choice. We are happy to
be near the king, hoping that there will be no persecution here".
The
king asked, "Is there any teaching that God has brought that you can read
to us?"
Ja'far
replied, "Yes". Then read surah Maryam from the first to the word of
God:
فَأَشَارَتۡ
إِلَيۡهِۖ قَالُواْ كَيۡفَ نُكَلِّمُ مَن كَانَ فِي ٱلۡمَهۡدِ صَبِيّٗا ٢٩ قَالَ إِنِّي عَبۡدُ ٱللَّهِ ءَاتَىٰنِيَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ
وَجَعَلَنِي نَبِيّٗا ٣٠ وَجَعَلَنِي
مُبَارَكًا أَيۡنَ مَا كُنتُ وَأَوۡصَٰنِي بِٱلصَّلَوٰةِ وَٱلزَّكَوٰةِ مَا دُمۡتُ
حَيّٗا ٣١ وَبَرَّۢا بِوَٰلِدَتِي وَلَمۡ
يَجۡعَلۡنِي جَبَّارٗا شَقِيّٗا ٣٢ وَٱلسَّلَٰمُ
عَلَيَّ يَوۡمَ وُلِدتُّ وَيَوۡمَ أَمُوتُ وَيَوۡمَ أُبۡعَثُ حَيّٗا ٣٣ [ مريم:29-33]
29. So she pointed to
him. They said, "How can we speak to one who is in the cradle a
child?"
30. [Jesus] said, "Indeed, I am the servant
of Allah. He has given me the Scripture and made me a prophet.
31. And He has made me blessed wherever I am and
has enjoined upon me prayer and zakah as long as I remain alive
32. And [made me] dutiful to my mother, and He
has not made me a wretched tyrant.
33. And peace is on me the day I was born and the
day I will die and the day I am raised alive." [Maryam:29-33]
That
information justifies what was written in the Gospel, so the dignitaries were
surprised.
Najasyi
said, "These words and those brought by Moses came from the same light
source. Gentlemen of Quraish, go. We will not return them to you! "
The
next day, ‘Amr bin Ash returned to meet the king and said that the Muslims expressed
extraordinary accusations against Jesus son of Mary. The Muslim party was
called back.
Ja'far
explained, "About him, our opinion is as our Prophet said,‘ He is a
servant of Allah and His Messenger, His Spirit, and His Word delivered to the
virgin Mary '".
Najasyi
scraped the stick to the ground. He happily said, "Between your religions
and our religion is actually nothing more than this line".
Reference:
·
Mubarakfuri,
Syekh Shafiyyur-Rahman, and Haidir, Abdullah (Translator). 2005. Sejarah Hidup dan Perjuangan Rasulullah.
Riyadh: Kantor Dakwah dan Bimbingan bagi Pendatang Al-Sulay.
·
Haekal, Muhammad
Husain, and Audah, Ali (Translator). Sejarah
Hidup Muhammad.
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