Sunday, January 6, 2019

THE STORY OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD SAW - The Life of the Arabs Before the Birth of Prophet Muhammad

Initially, the majority of Arabs embraced the religion brought by Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham), namely the teachings of monotheism so that only worshiping Allah, Almighty God. After a long time, they have left the teachings, but still there are still remnants of the teachings of Abraham
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Then there was someone in Mecca named ‘Amr bin Luhay of the Khuza'ah tribe who was highly respected by his people because of his generosity and good behavior. One time he went to Sham and saw that the people there were practicing idol worship. ‘Amr bin Luhay thinks that this is a good thing. So he took home an idol named Hubal to Mecca and placed the idol inside the Kaaba (Ka'bah). He invited his people to do what the people of Sham did. Because of his high position, the people of Mecca wanted to follow what 'Amr bin Luhay said. Increasingly, the residents of Mecca made idol worship as their belief. It quickly spread to the Hijaz region (Mecca and its surroundings) and expanded to cover the Arabian Peninsula. In some time, there were hundreds of idols around the Kaaba. Arab society also became shirk.

Not enough with these idols, they also had statues and idols in their homes that they always worshiped. They surround the statue when going out of the house or when going home, and the statue is also carried on the way if the statue is considered to have given permission. All of these statues are actually considered as an intermediary between humans and God. They assume that worship of idols is an approach to God. They have just forgotten to worshiping God.

People from all over the Arabian Peninsula came on pilgrimages to the Kaaba (Ka'bah), a holy house built by Prophet Abraham and Prophet Ishmael.

Surat Al-Baqarah verses 125-126:

وَإِذۡ جَعَلۡنَا ٱلۡبَيۡتَ مَثَابَةٗ لِّلنَّاسِ وَأَمۡنٗا وَٱتَّخِذُواْ مِن مَّقَامِ إِبۡرَٰهِ‍ۧمَ مُصَلّٗىۖ وَعَهِدۡنَآ إِلَىٰٓ إِبۡرَٰهِ‍ۧمَ وَإِسۡمَٰعِيلَ أَن طَهِّرَا بَيۡتِيَ لِلطَّآئِفِينَ وَٱلۡعَٰكِفِينَ وَٱلرُّكَّعِ ٱلسُّجُودِ  ١٢٥ وَإِذۡ قَالَ إِبۡرَٰهِ‍ۧمُ رَبِّ ٱجۡعَلۡ هَٰذَا بَلَدًا ءَامِنٗا وَٱرۡزُقۡ أَهۡلَهُۥ مِنَ ٱلثَّمَرَٰتِ مَنۡ ءَامَنَ مِنۡهُم بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِۚ قَالَ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَأُمَتِّعُهُۥ قَلِيلٗا ثُمَّ أَضۡطَرُّهُۥٓ إِلَىٰ عَذَابِ ٱلنَّارِۖ وَبِئۡسَ ٱلۡمَصِيرُ  ١٢٦

125.  And [mention] when We made the House a place of return for the people and [a place of] security. And take, [O believers], from the standing place of Abraham a place of prayer. And We charged Abraham and Ishmael, [saying], "Purify My House for those who perform Tawaf and those who are staying [there] for worship and those who bow and prostrate [in prayer]."
126.  And [mention] when Abraham said, "My Lord, make this a secure city and provide its people with fruits - whoever of them believes in Allah and the Last Day." [Allah] said. "And whoever disbelieves - I will grant him enjoyment for a little; then I will force him to the punishment of the Fire, and wretched is the destination."

Surah Ali Imran verses 96-97:

إِنَّ أَوَّلَ بَيۡتٖ وُضِعَ لِلنَّاسِ لَلَّذِي بِبَكَّةَ مُبَارَكٗا وَهُدٗى لِّلۡعَٰلَمِينَ  ٩٦ فِيهِ ءَايَٰتُۢ بَيِّنَٰتٞ مَّقَامُ إِبۡرَٰهِيمَۖ وَمَن دَخَلَهُۥ كَانَ ءَامِنٗاۗ وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى ٱلنَّاسِ حِجُّ ٱلۡبَيۡتِ مَنِ ٱسۡتَطَاعَ إِلَيۡهِ سَبِيلٗاۚ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ  ٩٧

96.  Indeed, the first House [of worship] established for mankind was that at Makkah - blessed and a guidance for the worlds.
97.  In it are clear signs [such as] the standing place of Abraham. And whoever enters it shall be safe. And [due] to Allah from the people is a pilgrimage to the House - for whoever is able to find thereto a way. But whoever disbelieves - then indeed, Allah is free from need of the worlds.

Mecca is indeed a religious center in the Arabian Peninsula. Mecca also became the center of trade in the Arabian peninsula. Then Mecca is considered the "capital" of the Arabian peninsula. Allah SWT has determined that Mecca, the holy city, will be the birthplace of Prophet Muhammad, the Last Prophet. Since then until now, Mecca has become a place visited by Muslims all over the world.

Mecca is located between a caravan road parallel to the Red Sea, between Yemen and Palestine / Sham. The city is located in a not-so-wide valley surrounded by hills. These hills almost surrounded Mecca and there were three ways to get out, namely the road to Yemen, the road to the Red Sea precisely in the port of Jeddah, and the road to Palestine.

The social life of the Arab community is divided into tribal and social classes. There was a high social gap in Arabia at that time. Noble class has a lot of wealth and high position, while the slaves have nothing and live in humiliation. The tribes in Arabia are always competing and hostile, even to the point of conflict due to a high sense of tribal fanaticism. Every tribe member must defend one tribe with him, whether right or wrong.

Women in Arabia get tyrannical treatment. Men can do polygamy indefinitely, marry two sisters at once, and divorce women indefinitely. Adultery is also considered normal. There are so many relationships between men and women who are illegitimate (not married) and this certainly harms women. The birth of a daughter is a shame to them. According to them girls are not like boys who are able to work hard and fight for the interests of their tribe. Because of this, they buried the baby girl alive.

They also often gamble and drink liquor, and even become their own pride. The point is their life is very bad and goes on without rules. Therefore, the period of moral deterioration is called the era of ignorance (jahiliyah).

 The economic life of Arab society rests on the trade sector. Most Arabs are traders, only a small proportion of the Arab population who live as farmers and raise livestock that live in the periphery of the country. They do not know the industry, so the goods produced are obtained from Yemen or Sham. Although there are some nobles and big traders, there are still many people who live in shortages.

Among the various bad behaviors, the Arabs still have commendable behavior, even if they are on the wrong track. They are generous, keep promises,  brave, gentle, maintain self-esteem, and helpful.

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(Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated Fortress)
Reference:
·         Mubarakfuri, Syekh Shafiyyur-Rahman, and Haidir, Abdullah (Translator). 2005. Sejarah Hidup dan Perjuangan Rasulullah. Riyadh: Kantor Dakwah dan Bimbingan bagi Pendatang Al-Sulay.
·         Haekal, Muhammad Husain, dan Audah, Ali (Translator). Sejarah Hidup Muhammad.


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