Prophet
Muhammad made an agreement for fellow Muslims. In addition to strengthening
unity, this is also to educate them to become quality believers. The existence
of Jews as part of the community of Medina is also a thing that cannot be
denied. Even though they hate Islam, they don't show hostility. So Prophet
Muhammad needed to enter into an agreement with them to strengthen the
stability of the people of Medina. All these agreements are called the charter
of Medina.
The following are contents,
Bismillahirrahmaanirrahim
This is the
writing of Muhammad Shallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam for the believers (Mukminin)
and Muslims of Quraisy and Yathrib, those who joined them and fought with them.
Indeed they are one people and different from other humans. The Muhajirins of
Quraisy remained in their tradition legalized by Islam, they paid diyat
(compensation for murder) to others, redeemed their captives in a manner that
was good and fair to the believers.
Banu Auf
remained in their tradition legalized by Islam, they paid diyat to others as
before and each group redeemed their captives in a manner that was good and
fair to the believers.
Banu Saidah
remained in their tradition legalized by Islam, some of them paid diyat as
before, some of them redeemed their captives in a manner that was good and fair
to humans.
Banu Al-Harth
remained in their tradition legalized by Islam, some of them paid diyat, some
of them redeemed their captives in a manner that was good and fair to humans.
Banu An-Najjar
remained in their tradition legalized by Islam, some of them paid diyat to
others, each group of them redeemed their captives in a manner that was good
and fair to humans.
Banu Amr ibn Auf
remained in their tradition legalized by Islam, some of them paid diyat to
others as before, some of them redeemed their captives in a way that was good,
fair to humans.
Banu Al-Aus
remained in their tradition legalized by Islam, some of them paid diyat to others
as before, each of them redeemed their captives in a manner that was good and
fair to humans.
Believers should
not abandon mufrah (people who have a lot of debt and have a lot of family
dependents) and they must give him money for captive redemption or payment of
diyat in a good way.
Believers should
not ally themselves with former slaves of believers without involving the
former slave owner. Indeed, the pious believers are united in the face of those
who persecute them or those who desire great tyranny, or sin, or hostility, or
damage to the Believers.
Believers may
not kill believers who kill unbelievers and believers should not help
unbelievers in facing believers. Indeed, God's dependence is one. The weakest
among them were given protection and indeed the believers were supporters of
some others. Anyone among Jews follows us, he has the right to get help,
together, they are not wronged and they cannot be defeated. Surely the peace of
the believers is one; believers must not reconcile with besides believers in
war in the way of Allah except on the basis of equality and justice between
them. All the troops who fought with us came in turn. Indeed, some of the
believers were killed because they killed some of the other believers. Indeed,
the faithful believers are in the best and most direct direction.
Surely the
polytheists may not protect the wealth of the Quraysh or their souls and may
not move to him to face the believers.
Whoever kills
the believer without sin and proof, he is killed, therefore, except the
victim's family forgives him. In fact the believers united in facing it and
they must uphold the law against that person. Indeed, believers who believe in
the contents of this agreement, believe in Allah and have faith in the End
Times, forbidden to defend the bid'ah performer and protect him. Whoever
defends the bid'ah performer or protects him gets the curse of God and His
wrath on the Day of Judgment. Ransom should not be taken from it. If you are at
loggerheads on one of the issues, the place of return are Allah Azza Wa Jalla
and Muhammad Shallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam.
Indeed, the Jews
were also subject to financial obligations if they were equally fought by the
enemy. Indeed, the Jews of Banu Auf were one people with the believers. For the
Jews of their religion and for the believers of their religion. Their slaves
and their souls (protected), except those who do wrong and sin, they do not
destroy anyone except themselves and their families. Indeed, the Jews of Banu
An-Najjar had the same rights as the Jews of Banu Auf. Indeed, the Jews of Banu
Al-Harith had the same rights as the rights of the Jews of Banu Auf. Indeed,
the Jews of Banu Saidah had the same rights as the rights of the Jews of Banu
Auf. Indeed, the Jews of Banu Jusam had the same rights as the Jews of Banu
Auf. In fact the Jews of Banu Al-Aus had the same rights as the rights of the
Jews of Banu Auf. Indeed, the Banu Tha'labah Jews have the same rights as the
rights of the Jews of Banu Auf, except those who commit tyranny and sin, he does
not destroy anyone except himself and his family.
Indeed, Jafnah, one of the tribes of Tha'labah, is
like them. Indeed, the Jews of Banu As-Sutaibah had the same rights as the
rights of the Jews of Banu Auf. Indeed, goodness should deter someone from evil.
In fact the slaves of the people of Tha'labah are the same as them. Indeed, the
family of the Jews is like them.
Anyone from the Jews may not leave Medina except
with the permission of Muhammad Shallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam. Whoever kills, he
kills himself and his family, except those who are wronged, in fact Allah wants
to reject the tyranny of him. Indeed, Jews are subject to financial obligations
(infaq) and Muslims are also subject to financial obligations (infaq), and they
are all obliged to provide a defense for anyone who fights people associated
with this agreement. Advice and kindness must be carried out in their midst.
A person must not do evil to his allies and defense
(help) must be given to those who are wronged. Indeed, the Jews are obliged to
infaq with the believers if they are fought by the enemy.
Indeed, Yathrib is forbidden to those who are in
this agreement. In fact the neighbor is like a soul, he must not be disturbed
and cannot be hurt. Surely that honor must not be violated except with the
permission of the owner. If the people who are in this agreement against the
case or conflict that is feared to cause damage, then the place of return are
to Allah Almighty and to Muhammad Shallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam. Indeed, Allah
is very capable of keeping this agreement.
Surely the Quraysh must not be protected as well as
those who helped them. Indeed, those who are bound by this agreement are
obliged to provide assistance (defense) against anyone who intends to attack
Yathrib. If they are invited to be peaceful and friendly, they must be peaceful
and friendly. If they are invited to this, they have the right to the believers
except those who fight religion. Every human being has their own part as
before.
Indeed the Al-Aus Jews, their slaves and their souls
have the same rights as those in this agreement, including doing good to those
who are in this agreement. Indeed, goodness is different from evil. If someone
does something, it is for themselves. Verily, Allah confirmed the contents of
this agreement and blessed it. He who comes out of Medina is safe. He who lives
in Medina is safe, except those who do wrong and sin.
Verily Allah protects those who do good and those
who fear, and Muhammad is Rasulullah (messenger of Allah) Shallallahu Alaihi wa
Sallam.
In
this way, Prophet Muhammad formed an organized society and it could be said
that Medina at that time was a sovereign state with legitimate power and
Prophet Muhammad as its leader.
Reference:
· Mubarakfuri, Syekh Shafiyyur-Rahman,
and Haidir, Abdullah (Translator). 2005. Sejarah Hidup dan
Perjuangan Rasulullah. Riyadh: Kantor Dakwah dan Bimbingan bagi Pendatang
Al-Sulay.
· Abu Muhammad Abdul Malik bin
Hisyam Al-Muafiri. Sirah Nabawiyah Ibnu
Hisyam. 2000. Jakarta Timur: Darul Falah.
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