For everyone who is layman or
professional, of course they already know that in building a building must
begin with planning. The concept of the building to be built is something that
must be considered so that it fits with expectations. Especially for mosques
that are used as places of worship and public spaces for Muslims. When starting
to plan to build a mosque, for example the design of the Shahada mosque (masjid
Syahadat) which is part of the Betterpad-Ray (Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great
Integrated Fortress) model/maquette, would certainly think of the initial questions like
this. How much land is there? What is the condition of the land that is good
for the design? Or what about the existing land that can be built a safe and
comfortable mosque? What is the area of the mosque according to the area and
shape of the land? What is the good position of the Qibla according to the
shape of the land? Is it facing the road or backing it? What is the direction
of entry? What is the shape of the roof, dome or pyramid? What is the position
of ablution place? What is the area of hardened land and what is the water
absorption? How to arrange a parking lot? What is the garden designed like? And
many more questions.
In completing it, of course you
should not carelessly or try. Planning must go through a process that is done
seriously so that the mosque building will be truly in line with expectations,
including the design of the Shahada mosque. Therefore, an understanding of the
concept of mosque building must be needed to initiate the planning process.
Architecture is needed as a guideline in planning and designing the space and
building of the mosque. In the Betterpad-Ray model design, especially the
Shahada mosque, it is more towards decoration or art as a display model, rather
than planning that is really done. But I hope that I can study the
architectural model seriously or have input from the architects so that I can
perfect and realize my design. Aamiin.
In the concept of mosque
architecture, the model and shape of the mosque is included in the ijtihad of
Muslim architects or designers. There is no special order in Islam about the
shape of the mosque that should be. That is, the architect or designer can
determine the shape and model of the mosque building freely, provided that it
is in accordance with the teachings of the Qur'an and Hadith as a religion of
monotheism.
In the basic principles of mosque
planning, the mosque should be built according to the following provisions.
Ø The position of the mosque as the house of God
so that it is a holy place
Ø The function of the mosque as a place of
worship and religious center
Ø Aims to create a human who is cautious and
hopes for guidance and merit from Allah
Ø Principles of financial management in
accordance with the Quran and Hadith
Ø
General principles in worship
Mosque planning must pay attention
to its position. As a holy place, the mosque must be able to encourage worship
to submit to Allah SWT, create an atmosphere of the glory of the Creator, and
create an atmosphere that shows humility as servants of Allah. As a place of
worship, mosque buildings must be able to create peace so that they can worship
solemnly and avoid being showing off, arrogant, and daydreaming. The existence
of silence and calm can make people more faithful in Allah and realize that he
is nothing. In essence, the design of the Shahada mosque is expected to touch
the deepest feelings of the worshipers so as to lead to peace, tranquility, and
spiritual satisfaction.
From the design of the Shahada
mosque it is hoped that it can attract Muslims to visit it and enjoy worshiping
in it. So as much as possible the design of the Shahada mosque to the most
detail must be beautiful, amazing, and impressive. In planning a mosque, here
are some important provisions that must be considered.
Ø The
building of the mosque is in accordance with the function, purpose and role of
the mosque in the life of the Muslim community, as well as the avoidance of
buildings or rooms that are not in accordance
with the role of the mosque.
Ø Avoiding
other religious identities, whether in the form of ornaments or parts of
buildings that can show the identity of a religion. According to Surat Al
Kafirun verse 6, "for you your religion and for me my religion". The shape of the building is also sought so as not to turn away
the thoughts and feelings of the worshipers.
Ø Avoid
all forms of decoration in the form of statues and paintings, both human and
animal. It is also recommended not to give calligraphy or other decorations (especially the Qibla direction wall) that can
disturb the serenity of worship.
Ø There
are no futile parts of the mosque, both Islamic uses and meanings. This means
that every inch of mosque building must have functions and benefits. Although it may not be excessive in the use of land or building
materials, but not at a low cost because Islam forbids stinging.
Ø
The mosque
should have a beauty value, both according to the colors, shapes, locations,
and Islamic decorations.
Another thing that must be
considered in planning and designing a mosque is its activities and users. If
you pay close attention from the start, you can plan your room effectively and
efficiently.
1. Shahada mosque activities
It is hoped
that the most important activities carried out in accordance with the mosque
design are the prayer, especially the congregational prayers, both five daily
prayers and Friday prayers. Other activities that can be carried out in order
to increase the faith and piety of God are divided into the fields of worship
and da'wah. Worship activities include tarawih prayer, Eid al-Fitr prayer, and
Eid al-Adha. It is expected that the implementation of zakat fitrah, slaughter
of animals, and distribution of Qurban animal meat can be carried out. It is
hoped that the da'wah activities that can be carried out in the field of da'wah
include recitation, religious lectures, dawn lectures, and management of
educational activities.
Not only
religious education, it is hoped that worldly knowledge that is beneficial to
society can be taught according to the purpose of designing the Shahada mosque,
if provided with adequate facilities. Educational activities that can be
carried out include teaching how to read the Qur'an and understanding its
contents and building an adequate mini library.
2. Mosque users
Mosque users
are those who use mosques to worship or other activities according to Islamic
teachings and the physical form of mosque buildings. According to the function
and role of the mosque, mosque users can be grouped as follows.
o
Management
and manager of the mosque
o
Communities
around the mosque
o
A
traveler or person on a long journey
o
Traders
around the mosque
o
Mosque
guests in certain matters
From the design
of the Shahada mosque which is part of the Betterpad-Ray model, it is expected
to be visited by various Muslim groups. Because the Betterpad-Ray model can be
used as a multipurpose public space, of course visitors can vary. In the
building complex a mosque is designed especially when prayer times have arrived
and at that time, visitors who are in a certain event can worship in the Shahada
mosque with close distance without confusion.
A office will
be provided for administrators and managers of the Shahada mosque. For visitors
who want to do educative religious recreation, they will be guided to the
Shahada tower which contains various articles on Islamic history and
observation sites on the seventh floor (top). Especially traders who sell in
mosques must comply with mosque regulations and building complexes and also get
special permits, and their sales activities do not interfere with the
activities of their worshipers.
Hopefully the design of the Shahada
Mosque (Masjid Syahadat), which is part of the Betterpad-Ray (Benteng Terpadu
Raya / Great Integrated Fortress) model/maquette, can inspire and be realized. Aamiin.
Reference:
·
Susanta,
Gatut, et al. Membangun Masjid & Mushola. 2007. Depok: Penebar
Swadaya. (https://archive.org/stream/BukuArsitektur/1048_Membangun%20Masjid%20dan%20Mushola#mode/2up)
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