After the defeat of the Muslims at
the Battle of Uhud, Prophet Muhammad thought about the situation of Medina. He
was wary of the Quraysh movement which had just felt superior. They will surely
head to Medina for the second time. So Prophet Muhammad devised a plan to
pursue the enemy.
On the 16th of Shawwal in the 3rd
year of Hijrah, after the battle of Uhud, the caller of Prophet Muhammad
announced to the Muslims that they would pursue the enemy (polytheists of
Quraysh) and that only those who had participated in the battle of Uhud
departed in pursuit. Prophet Muhammad and his companions chased the enemy to
frighten them so that if the polytheists heard that the Muslims were chasing
them, they would think that the Muslims were far stronger and that the defeat
that had just befall the Muslims did not make them lose their fighting spirit.
Prophet Muhammad appointed Ibn Ummi Maktum as a imam for a while in Medina.
Abdullah ibn Ubay, a hypocritical
figure, also had time to participate in the operation, but Rasulullah rejected
him firmly. A Muslim named Jabir ibn Abdullah also asked permission to
participate in the operation. Previously he had not participated in the battle
of Uhud because he was told by his father to look after his father's daughters.
Rasulullah permitted Jabir to participate. Then Rasulullah and his companions
began to move.
Rasulullah and his companions
arrived at Hamra Al Asad, 8 miles from Medina. Whereas the party of Abu Sufyan
from polytheists of Quraish was already in Rauha. When Ma’bad ibn Abu Ma’bad
from Khuza'ah walked past Rasulullah. Muslims and infidels Khuza'ah was trusted
by Rasulullah in secret matters in Tihamah. He had made an agreement with them
so as not to hide anything that happened in Khuza'ah. At that time, Ma’bad was
polytheist. He said, "O Muhammad, for the sake of Allah, we truly mourn
what happened to your friends and we hope that Allah SWT saves you in their
midst", then Ma’bad leaves. While Rasulullah remained in Hamra Al Asad.
When Abu Sufyan and his men planned
to return to Medina to finish off the remnants of the companions of Rasulullah,
Shafwan ibn Umayyah ibn Khalaf said to them, "Do not do it, because they
are furious. We are worried if they have a fighting spirit that did not exist
before them, then come back to Mecca, victory is in your hands. I'm afraid if
you go to Medina, then the victory will be taken away". But this opinion
was not approved by the majority of Abu Sufyan's group.
Abu Sufyan ibn Harb had indeed
decided to return against Rasulullah. His group said, "We have succeeded
in defeating the companions of Muhammad, their figures, and their leaders. Will
we go home before we can beat them to the end? Now we will return to finish off
their remnants". Abu Sufyan ibn Harb saw Ma’bad ibn Abu Ma’bad and asked,
"O Ma'bad, what news do you know?". Ma’bad replied, "Muhammad
and his companions were pursuing you who I had seen before, because they were
angry with you. The friends who did not participate in the battle of Uhud also
joined him and regretted not participating in the war. They are really angry
with you, something I have never seen before".
Abu Sufyan ibn Harb said, "Woe
to you, then what do you think?" Ma’bad said, "By Allah, I think that
you should go to see the crown of a horse". Abu Sufyan ibn Harb said,
"By Allah, indeed we have agreed to come to them and finish their
remnants". Then Ma'bad continued to prevent Abu Sufyan's group from
continuing its intention to fight the Muslims.
What if Abu Sufyan ran away from
Rasulullah and did not come to face him after winning? So the Quraysh would
receive ridicule from the Arabs as they hoped that it would happen to
Rasulullah and his companions. If Abu Sufyan's group confronted Rasulullah and
was defeated by the Muslims, then Quraysh would lose their pride again. So when
Abu Sufyan saw a caravan from the Abdul Qais tribe heading to Medina, he told
the caravan to tell Prophet Muhammad that Abu Sufyan's group had decided to
leave to invade and finish the Muslims to its roots. Abu Sufyan promised to
bring his raisins to them at the Ukaz market later.
Abdul Qais's group had delivered
the message of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb to Rasulullah. But his enthusiasm and his
friends did not decline and remained steadfast. Rasulullah also said,
"Allah is sufficient for us and He is the best protector".
Surah Ali Imran verses 173-174:
ٱلَّذِينَ
قَالَ لَهُمُ ٱلنَّاسُ إِنَّ ٱلنَّاسَ قَدۡ جَمَعُواْ لَكُمۡ فَٱخۡشَوۡهُمۡ
فَزَادَهُمۡ إِيمَٰنٗا وَقَالُواْ حَسۡبُنَا ٱللَّهُ وَنِعۡمَ ٱلۡوَكِيلُ ١٧٣ فَٱنقَلَبُواْ بِنِعۡمَةٖ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ
وَفَضۡلٖ لَّمۡ يَمۡسَسۡهُمۡ سُوٓءٞ وَٱتَّبَعُواْ رِضۡوَٰنَ ٱللَّهِۗ وَٱللَّهُ
ذُو فَضۡلٍ عَظِيمٍ ١٧٤
173. Those to whom hypocrites said, "Indeed,
the people have gathered against you, so fear them." But it [merely]
increased them in faith, and they said, "Sufficient for us is Allah, and
[He is] the best Disposer of affairs."
174. So they
returned with favor from Allah and bounty, no harm having touched them. And
they pursued the pleasure of Allah, and Allah is the possessor of great bounty.
Even throughout the night for three
consecutive days, the Muslims made a bonfire that showed the polytheists of
Quraysh that they were still prepared and waiting for their arrival. Rasulullah
was able to arrest Abu Izzah Al Jumahi, the Badr prisoner of war who was freed
by Rasulullah free of charge, but betrayed during the battle of Uhud.
Rasulullah sentenced Abu Izzah to death. Rasulullah also gave the death
sentence to Muawiyah ibn Al Mughirah bin Abu Al Ash, a polytheistic spy for
Mecca.
So Abu Sufyan's group felt less
excited and felt more like surviving the victory at Uhud. So they returned home
to Mecca. Rasulullah also returned to Medina.
From this, it can be said that the
polytheists of Quraysh did not get the real victory, even though during the war
of Uhud they were able to strike back. Abu Sufyan retreated for fear of
experiencing defeat if he had to fight the Muslims again. Broadly speaking, the
two troops returned with no victory.
According to Ibn Ishaq, the Uhud
war was a test, cleaning and selection. Allah tested the believers by showing
the real hypocrites, as when Abdullah ibn Ubay and his men decided to withdraw
from the Muslim army before the Uhud war, even though it was already on the
way. He would have preferred if the Muslims had survived in Medina only when
attacked by polytheists of Quraysh with the aim that he would not be found out
if he did not join in attacking the Quraysh polytheists while staying in the
city. He felt that fighting at Uhud was tantamount to suicide, without knowing
the true nature of fighting in the way of Allah. Besides that, the battle of
Uhud was also a time for believers to die martyrdom according to God's will.
Reference:
·
Haekal,
Muhammad Husain, and Audah, Ali (Translator). Sejarah Hidup Muhammad.
·
Al-Mubarakfuriyy,
Syeikh Safy Al-Rahman. Seerah Nabawiyyah,
Al-Raheeq Al-Makhtum.
·
Abu
Muhammad Abdul Malik bin Hisyam Al-Muafiri. Sirah
Nabawiyah Ibnu Hisyam. 2000. Jakarta Timur: Darul Falah.
No comments:
Post a Comment