Badr War Map
Object Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ry_vKTvWxq4
The Battle of Badr took place on
Friday morning, the 17th of Ramadan in year 2 Hijri. Muslim forces led by Rasulullah
with the strength of 314 people against the Quraysh polytheistic forces led by
Abu Jahal with the strength of 1000 people. The Muslim forces who received help
from Allah in the form of an angel army succeeded in defeating the polytheists.
Abu Jahal was killed and other Quraysh figures were killed. There were 70
polytheists who were killed and 70 others became prisoners. On the Muslim side,
14 people were martyred.
After the victory of the Muslims
was in their hands, in the afternoon they collected the bodies of Quraish and
made a large well to bury them. At night, Prophet Muhammad and his companions
were taking care of the ghanimah (war booty) and guarding the prisoners. Then
he contemplated the help from Allah to the Muslims with such a small amount
that it could defeat the polytheists who were numerous but without faith. At
that time, the friends heard him say, "O dwellers of the well! O ‘Utba ibn
Rabi'ah, Syaiba ibn Rabi'ah, Umayyah ibn Khalaf, Abu Jahal ibn Hisham,
..." and so on the names of the people in the jade. "O residents of
the well! What is promised by your god really exists. I have met what my Lord
has promised ".
The companions asked, "O
Messenger of Allah, why speak with those who have died?"
He replied, "What I say, they
listen more than you. But they cannot answer".
Then Prophet Muhammad looked at the
face of Abu Hudhaifah ibn ‘Utbah, whose father was killed as polytheist. He
looks sad.
Rasulullah asked, "Maybe there
is something in your heart about your father, Abu Hudhaifah?"
Abu Hudhaifa replied, "Not
once, Rasulullah. About father, I don't doubt anymore, also about his death.
It's just that I know that his mind is good, wise, and meritorious. So I really
hope that he will get a clue to being a Muslim. But after I saw what happened
and also remembered that he used to live in disbelief, after what was further I
expected from him, that made me sad".
Then Prophet Muhammad made a good
mention of Utbah and prayed for his kindness.
Elsewhere, residents of Mecca
learned of the defeat of the Quraish infidels forces in the battle of Badr so
that they felt deep sadness. But they are forbidden to mourn the death of their
relatives or family members who were killed in the battle of Badr so that the
Muslims do not rejoice in their sadness.
There is a unique story in this
matter. There was an old man named Al Aswad ibn Al Muttalib whose three
childrens died of war and he wanted to show the sadness he had felt for days.
But because he was banned from mourning, he tried to hold back in his heart.
Until one day a woman's wailing came. So the person told his slave to
investigate whether he could mourn the death of family members. Then it was
discovered that the woman was lamenting her lost camel.
After the war, Prophet Muhammad was
still in Badr for three days. At that time there was a dispute in the Muslim
forces about the war ghanimah (war booty). Because there are some friends who
directly confront the enemy and collect the Ghanimah, and others guard and
protect Prophet Muhammad so that he does not gather anything. So Prophet
Muhammad requested that all the Ghanimah be collected. Then Allah's revelation
concerning this matter in the Surah Al-Anfal verse 1:
يَسَۡٔلُونَكَ
عَنِ ٱلۡأَنفَالِۖ قُلِ ٱلۡأَنفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَٱلرَّسُولِۖ فَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَأَصۡلِحُواْ
ذَاتَ بَيۡنِكُمۡۖ وَأَطِيعُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥٓ إِن كُنتُم
مُّؤۡمِنِينَ ١
1. They ask you, [O Muhammad], about the
bounties [of war]. Say, "The [decision concerning] bounties is for Allah
and the Messenger." So fear Allah and amend that which is between you and
obey Allah and His Messenger, if you should be believers.
Rasulullah sent Abdullah ibn
Rawahah and Zaid ibn Harith as the messenger of good news to Medina about the
victory of the Muslims. Abdullah ibn Ka'ab was assigned to guard the spoils of
war. Then, Rasulullah and his Muslim army returned to Medina with the ghanimah
and prisoners of war. In the midst of the journey of the spoils of war that had
previously been gathered to Rasulullah and then divided equally to his troops after
previously taken a fifth for the Prophet.
Surah Al Anfal verse 41:
۞وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّمَا غَنِمۡتُم مِّن شَيۡءٖ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ
خُمُسَهُۥ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱبۡنِ
ٱلسَّبِيلِ إِن كُنتُمۡ ءَامَنتُم بِٱللَّهِ وَمَآ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَىٰ عَبۡدِنَا
يَوۡمَ ٱلۡفُرۡقَانِ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡتَقَى ٱلۡجَمۡعَانِۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ
قَدِيرٌ ٤١
41. And know that anything you obtain of war
booty - then indeed, for Allah is one fifth of it and for the Messenger and for
[his] near relatives and the orphans, the needy, and the [stranded] traveler,
if you have believed in Allah and in that which We sent down to Our Servant on
the day of criterion - the day when the two armies met. And Allah, over all
things, is competent.
It
is said that Jews and hypocrites had spread the false news that the Prophet had
died. Truly a hypocrite saw Zaid ibn Harith riding the camel of Rasulullah,
namely Al Qaswa. After the two messengers told the real news about the victory
of the Muslims, the Muslim population of Medina was happy. Usamah ibn Zaid
said, "The news of the victory of the Muslims reached us, after we
finished leveling the land of the grave of Ruqayyah bint Rasulullah, the wife
of Uthman ibn Affan. Because Rasulullah ordered me to replace him to look after
his daughter with Uthman ibn Affan".
Arriving in Medina, the Muslim
population of Medina welcomed the Muslim army with great fanfare. On the other
hand, the victory of Muslims made the enemies of Islam in Medina and surrounding
areas fearful of the Muslim power. So many of the residents of Medina who
converted to Islam. One of them is Abdullah ibn Ubay. He and his friends
declared Islam even though it was only outside (hypocritical). Rasulullah
advised the companions that the prisoners of war from Quraysh polytheists be
treated well.
So each prisoner was ordered to pay
four thousand dirhams as a ransom, while those who did not have wealth could
redeem themselves by teaching literacy to the Muslims to be able.
But Allah gave a decision in
accordance with Umar's statement. The next day, Allah SWT sent down the verse
which rebuked Rasulullah's decision in Surah Al Anfal verse 67-68:
مَا
كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَن يَكُونَ لَهُۥٓ أَسۡرَىٰ حَتَّىٰ يُثۡخِنَ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ
تُرِيدُونَ عَرَضَ ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَٱللَّهُ يُرِيدُ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةَۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ
حَكِيمٞ ٦٧ لَّوۡلَا كِتَٰبٞ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ
سَبَقَ لَمَسَّكُمۡ فِيمَآ أَخَذۡتُمۡ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٞ ٦٨
67. It is not for a prophet to have captives [of
war] until he inflicts a massacre [upon Allah 's enemies] in the land. Some
Muslims desire the commodities of this world, but Allah desires [for you] the
Hereafter. And Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise.
68. If not
for a decree from Allah that preceded, you would have been touched for what you
took by a great punishment.
The story of the Badr war is told a
lot by Allah SWT in the Surah Al Anfal.
The victory of the Muslims gave
rise to hostility from various circles.
1.
The
idolaters of Mecca expressed their readiness openly to avenge their defeat at
the Battle of Badr.
2.
The
Jews openly showed hatred towards the Muslims even though they were bound by an
agreement with the Muslims.
3.
The
hypocrites, namely those who pretend to convert to Islam even though in their
hearts they hate and are hostile to Islam. They are no less dangerous than
others.
4.
Bedouin
community groups that have not yet converted to Islam. They were worried about
the victory of Islam which made them unable to loot merchandise from merchants
who passed their villages.
Presented by
(Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated Fortress)
Reference:
·
Mubarakfuri,
Syekh Shafiyyur-Rahman, and Haidir, Abdullah (Translator). 2005. Sejarah Hidup dan Perjuangan Rasulullah.
Riyadh: Kantor Dakwah dan Bimbingan bagi Pendatang Al-Sulay.
·
Haekal,
Muhammad Husain, and Audah, Ali (Translator). Sejarah Hidup Muhammad.
·
Al-Mubarakfuriyy,
Syeikh Safy Al-Rahman. Seerah Nabawiyyah,
Al-Raheeq Al-Makhtum.
·
Abu
Muhammad Abdul Malik bin Hisyam Al-Muafiri. Sirah
Nabawiyah Ibnu Hisyam. 2000. Jakarta Timur: Darul Falah.
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