The victory of the Muslims in the
war of Badr caused a deep impression on the enemies of Islam. On the Jewish
side, they had grumbled and held hostilities against the Muslims before the
Battle of Badr. But it did not increase due to the peace agreement. After the
Muslim victory, from day to day the hatred of the Jews to them grew bigger.
Banu Qainuqa was one of the tribes
of Jews who lived in their special settlement in Medina. The background of this
war was the hatred of the Jews for the victory of the Muslims against the
polytheists of Quraysh. They tried to make splashes and slander among the
Muslims in various ways.
Prophet Muhammad had advised them
repeatedly and invited them to convert to Islam. But this actually makes them
more arrogant and insulting the Muslims. But Prophet Muhammad remained patient
for their actions.
One day, a Muslim woman carrying
jewelry came to their market and the Jews harassed her by asking her to reveal
her headscarf. Of course the woman refused. When the woman sat in front of the
goldsmith, a Jew tied the end of the woman's clothes without her knowing it, so
that when she stood up, the woman's nakedness was revealed and the Jews around
her laughed at her. The woman shouted and came a Muslim man who helped her and
immediately killed the culprit. But the Jews also responded by ganging up on
the helper until he was killed.
The that Muslim family asked for
help from Muslims in facing the Jews. This news reached Rasulullah, he
immediately gathered his troops, and gave the flag to Hamzah ibn Abdul
Muttalib. Then they headed for Banu Qainuqa.
Rasulullah asked the Jews not to
disturb the Muslims again and continue to maintain the existing peace
agreement. If they do not obey, they will suffer the same fate as Quraish
polytheists. But they remained arrogant and ridiculed him. They replied,
"Muhammad, do not you be deceived because you have faced a group that has
no knowledge of war so that you have the opportunity to defeat them. But if we
have fought you, surely you will know that we are the people". If so, there
is no other way except to fight them too. If not, the Muslims and their
position in Medina would fall and become the talk of the polytheists of
Quraysh, after the Quraysh were discussed by the Arabs. Then the Muslim forces
surrounded Banu Qainuqa for 15 days in Shawwal until the beginning of
Dzulqaidah in the year 2 Hijriah. The Jews continued to take refuge behind
their fortresses. No one can get out of their fortresses and there is no food
supply coming into their place. There is no other way except they must submit
to the rules of Rasulullah. Finally Banu Qainuqa surrendered because of fear
engulfing them. Then they gave all decisions to Rasulullah. After discussing
with Muslim figures, Rasulullah decided to kill them.
However, Abdullah ibn Ubay ibn
Salul with his hypocrisy persuaded Rasulullah not to kill them. He said,
"Muhammad, should be good at my followers".
Rasulullah did not immediately
answer. Then Abdullah ibn Ubay persuaded Rasulullah again. But Rasulullah
refused. Then he put his hand in the pocket of the Rasulullah's armor.
Rasulullah said, "Let go!" He was angry, his anger appeared on his
face. Then he repeated again in a tone of anger, "Let go! Woe to
you!".
Abdullah ibn Ubay replied, "I
will not let go before you are kind to my followers. Four hundred people
without armor and three hundred people in armor blocked me from all-out war,
and you killed them in one day! I'm really worried that a disaster will occur
".
Until then, Abdullah was a person
who still had power over the polytheists from the Aus and Khazraj circles,
although with the arrival of the Muslims making his power weak. Seeing such an
insistence, Rasulullah was calm again. Then Ubadah ibn As Shamit met
Rasulullah, he was a citizen of Banu Auf and had close relations with the Jews
of Banu Qainuqa' as they had close relations with Abdullah ibn Ubay. Ubadah
severed ties with them and separated himself from them. He said, "O
Rasulullah, I sided with Allah, His Messenger, and the believers. I was
released from fellowship with them, not loyal to them ". Ubadah argued
that he would give mercy to Abdullah ibn Ubay and to the polytheists of Jewish
followers so that with their kindness and compassion they would feel indebted
to him. However, as a result of their own actions, Banu Qainuqa had to leave the
city of Medina.
Ibn Ubay wanted to persuade again
so that Rasulullah allowed them to remain there. But one Muslim managed to
prevent a meeting between Ibn Ubay and Rasulullah. They quarreled until
Abdullah's head was hit. Then Banu Qainuqa said, "We swear we will not
stay in this city after Ibn Ubay's head was beaten while we could not defend
him".
So Banu Qainuqa was told to leave
the city of Medina so that it would not be side by side with the Muslims. They
headed north and settled near the border of Sham. The power of the Jews in
Medina was getting weaker after Banu Qainuqa left the city. In the city of
Medina there were still Jews from Banu Quraizah and Banu Nadhir.
This is a truly brilliant step
shown by Rasulullah with wisdom and a distant view. The challenge in unifying a
city is the existence of group conflicts. This step does not mean to persecute
others, but justice and truth must be upheld so that there is no greater
dispute. In addition, a good agreement that has been agreed upon must always be
maintained and carried out seriously. This is a lesson especially for Banu
Qainuqa.
Surah
Al Maidah verses 51-56:
۞يَٰٓأَيُّهَا
ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَتَّخِذُواْ ٱلۡيَهُودَ وَٱلنَّصَٰرَىٰٓ أَوۡلِيَآءَۘ
بَعۡضُهُمۡ أَوۡلِيَآءُ بَعۡضٖۚ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُم مِّنكُمۡ فَإِنَّهُۥ
مِنۡهُمۡۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَهۡدِي ٱلۡقَوۡمَ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ ٥١ فَتَرَى ٱلَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٞ
يُسَٰرِعُونَ فِيهِمۡ يَقُولُونَ نَخۡشَىٰٓ أَن تُصِيبَنَا دَآئِرَةٞۚ فَعَسَى ٱللَّهُ
أَن يَأۡتِيَ بِٱلۡفَتۡحِ أَوۡ أَمۡرٖ مِّنۡ عِندِهِۦ فَيُصۡبِحُواْ عَلَىٰ مَآ
أَسَرُّواْ فِيٓ أَنفُسِهِمۡ نَٰدِمِينَ
٥٢ وَيَقُولُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ أَهَٰٓؤُلَآءِ ٱلَّذِينَ أَقۡسَمُواْ
بِٱللَّهِ جَهۡدَ أَيۡمَٰنِهِمۡ إِنَّهُمۡ لَمَعَكُمۡۚ حَبِطَتۡ أَعۡمَٰلُهُمۡ
فَأَصۡبَحُواْ خَٰسِرِينَ ٥٣ يَٰٓأَيُّهَا
ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مَن يَرۡتَدَّ مِنكُمۡ عَن دِينِهِۦ فَسَوۡفَ يَأۡتِي ٱللَّهُ
بِقَوۡمٖ يُحِبُّهُمۡ وَيُحِبُّونَهُۥٓ أَذِلَّةٍ عَلَى ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ أَعِزَّةٍ
عَلَى ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ يُجَٰهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا يَخَافُونَ لَوۡمَةَ
لَآئِمٖۚ ذَٰلِكَ فَضۡلُ ٱللَّهِ يُؤۡتِيهِ مَن يَشَآءُۚ وَٱللَّهُ وَٰسِعٌ
عَلِيمٌ ٥٤ إِنَّمَا وَلِيُّكُمُ ٱللَّهُ
وَرَسُولُهُۥ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ ٱلَّذِينَ يُقِيمُونَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ
وَيُؤۡتُونَ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَهُمۡ رَٰكِعُونَ
٥٥ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ فَإِنَّ
حِزۡبَ ٱللَّهِ هُمُ ٱلۡغَٰلِبُونَ ٥٦
51. O you who have
believed, do not take the Jews and the Christians as allies. They are [in fact]
allies of one another. And whoever is an ally to them among you - then indeed,
he is [one] of them. Indeed, Allah guides not the wrongdoing people.
52. So you see those in whose hearts is disease
hastening into [association with] them, saying, "We are afraid a
misfortune may strike us." But perhaps Allah will bring conquest or a
decision from Him, and they will become, over what they have been concealing
within themselves, regretful.
53. And those who believe will say, "Are
these the ones who swore by Allah their strongest oaths that indeed they were
with you?" Their deeds have become worthless, and they have become losers.
54. O you who have believed, whoever of you
should revert from his religion - Allah will bring forth [in place of them] a
people He will love and who will love Him [who are] humble toward the
believers, powerful against the disbelievers; they strive in the cause of Allah
and do not fear the blame of a critic. That is the favor of Allah; He bestows
it upon whom He wills. And Allah is all-Encompassing and Knowing.
55. Your ally is none but Allah and [therefore]
His Messenger and those who have believed - those who establish prayer and give
zakah, and they bow [in worship].
56. And whoever is an ally of Allah and His
Messenger and those who have believed - indeed, the party of Allah - they will
be the predominant.
Presented by
(Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated Fortress)
Reference:
·
Mubarakfuri,
Syekh Shafiyyur-Rahman, and Haidir, Abdullah (Translator). 2005. Sejarah Hidup dan Perjuangan Rasulullah.
Riyadh: Kantor Dakwah dan Bimbingan bagi Pendatang Al-Sulay.
·
Haekal,
Muhammad Husain, and Audah, Ali (Translator). Sejarah Hidup Muhammad.
·
Abu
Muhammad Abdul Malik bin Hisyam Al-Muafiri. Sirah
Nabawiyah Ibnu Hisyam. 2000. Jakarta Timur: Darul Falah.
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