A good residential house has access
to sunlight as a necessity of its inhabitants. Sunlight is not only useful as a
fulfillment of visual needs, but more than that. Sunlight is needed to create a
healthy room. The rooms in the house must have clean air, free of germs and
bacteria, and be able to meet the needs of vitamin D for people in it. This
makes the sun has a very important role for the home, a place for almost
everyone in their daily activities.
Basically, a residential house has
relatively the same needs from one another. Both very simple houses and super
luxurious homes accommodate activities that are not much different between the
two. The differences are more towards the specification of activities, the
needs of the area and the volume of space, as well as the variety of furniture
and equipment in it. Activities carried out daily and usually carried out by
everyone such as eating, sleeping, socializing, gathering, bathing, washing,
etc., require spaces that play a role in accommodating all these activities.
The division of space is carried out to accommodate various activities, so that
there are various spaces such as the living room, family room, bedroom, dining
room, and bathroom / toilet.
These spaces are arranged based on
the need for closeness and access between one room and another space. Some
spaces are also placed according to privacy needs. Often the design and
arrangement of spaces occur to fit more specific needs and desires. It is not
uncommon that what happens is ignoring some important factors in the planning
process, especially the natural light factor. Though natural light is an
important element in designing a house. For example, if you take an example of
the shape of a window, it is often more oriented to taste and ignores the direction
of coming and the angle of sunlight because it does not pay attention to the
factors that need to be. So it takes a thorough and correct consideration in
the process of designing a house, both functional needs, aesthetics, health,
comfort, security, to the consideration in producing a house that is energy
efficient.
Location factors are things that
influence the design of houses that are related to the optimization of incoming
sunlight. In terms of design, of course there are differences for houses in dense
settlements in urban areas with homes in villages that are relatively loose.
But that does not mean there are big obstacles for dense settlements that make
the use of sunlight unable to be optimized, because the need for natural light
is very important for humans.
Indonesia is located in a tropical
climate that is crossed by the equator so that it can easily access sunlight
with relatively the same conditions and intensity every day from year to year,
in contrast to countries that have four seasons that only get maximum sunlight
at certain times. But there are many Indonesians who don't really care about
this advantage. Home design in Indonesia often has no consideration in
maximizing the energy and sunlight to the fullest. Sometimes the house uses artificial
light even during the day. While traditional houses of the archipelago are able
to respond to and utilize sunlight, for example in pendapa (pavilion) or other
forms of buildings that have open sides as a gathering place and sleek home
design.
Setting the direction and layout of
the house is very important. For example the bedroom must be on the sides of
the house so that it can be given a window as access to natural light. A room
that does not need direct sunlight such as a warehouse / attic can be on the
inside. But there must be difficulties for densely populated environments in
urban areas and high land prices, making it difficult to find suitable
locations. But it can still be tried so that sunlight can enter various sides
of the house, both front, side and back. If there is only the front that is
open enough because of the dense residential environment, it can enter sunlight
from above or design the shape of the house so that it can still enter sunlight
from various sides.
The most important thing in a
residential design is to still consider natural light. There must be a right
decision about which spaces need morning and direct sunlight, and which spaces
do not need direct sunlight. These considerations also pay attention to the
relationship between space and easy access. The bedroom requires sunlight so
that conditions are easily seen and stay warm during the day. The kitchen needs
sunlight because food is processed in this place. The bathroom / toilet still
needs sunlight so that germs and bacteria do not multiply rapidly in it.
God willing, if realized, from the
design of the Betterpad-Ray Mockup (Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated
Fortress "Mural Wall") will utilize natural light well according to
its planned location in the Indonesian tropical climate. Even though
Betterpad-Ray's design was too large and excessive for the size of the house,
except for the very rich, there certainly was a basic similarity between the
house and the Betterpad-Ray building, especially regarding spaces needed by humans
in general. The spaces that can be located in each building are usually a
bathroom / toilet, a living / waiting room, a kitchen and a dining room, and a
private room / bedroom. The activities included are relatively similar for each
building, for example socializing activities, eating, resting, toilet needs,
etc., are things that can be done both at home and office buildings or public
facilities. The Betterpad-Ray mockup is a building complex that has the main
objectives in terms of education, social and culture. Any building complex such
as offices and museums usually have a variety of different rooms. These spaces
require access to good natural light to provide warmth and maintain the health
of the people inside.
In the design of the Betterpad-Ray building
complex, God willing, we will pay attention to the shape and arrangement of
access to natural light while observing aesthetics. The spaces can be arranged
by taking into account the aspects of closeness and relations between spaces
then consider how the location and system of access to natural lighting can be
applied. When viewed, the Betterpad-Ray Model has a Betterpad-Ray Main Building
design that can be considered to have a lot of space and can be considered an
office. Because of the large size of the building, consideration of access to
natural light is very necessary in order to save energy. In terms of location,
Insha Alalh, the Betterpad-Ray building complex can occupy a large area as
expected and there are no surrounding objects that significantly block the
sunlight from morning to evening. This is something that is felt good and right
in a healthy and safe spatial arrangement in the environment.
Betterpad-Ray has several buildings
in the form of a single room that can be seen clearly because of its position
on the front, namely the Shahada Mosque (Masjid Syahadat) and the Civilization
Pavilion (Pendapa Peradaban). It can be seen that the design of the Shahada
Mosquehas many windows that facilitate sunlight into the room, as are mosques
in general which have many windows or access to good natural light. The
Civilization Pavilion is the design of a typical architectural work of the
archipelago that is able to utilize natural light well. With its nature as a
public space, there is no wall covering that is used because of the absence of
privacy while facilitating sunlight to brighten the interior of the pendapa.
Shahada Mosque (Masjid Syahadat)
Civilization Pavilion (Pendapa Peradaban)
Betterpad-Ray Main Building
This is the explanation of the
article about the Betterpad-Ray (Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated
Fortress) model design. God willing, it can be realized. Aamiin. Sorry if there
is an error especially in this article.
Reference:
·
Manurung,
Parmonangan. Pencahayaan Alami dalam Arsitektur. 2012. Yogyakarta: ANDI.
(https://archive.org/stream/BukuArsitektur/1713_Pencahayaan%20Alami%20dalam%20Arsitektur#mode/2up)
(Architecture Hobby)
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