Before the discovery of electric
lights (incandescent lamps), humans had a very large dependence on natural
light, both during the day and especially at night. That makes the civilization
at that time very revealing symbols of light sources, such as the sun and stars
(the sun is star) which emit their own light and the moon that reflects
sunlight to earth at night. Reflection light from the maximum moon occurs
during the full moon. Natural light when the full moon is really bright enough
to just be able to walk at night quite easily. Whereas when the moon dies, the
night is truly pitch black and in the sky there is a collection of stars and
various galaxies when there are no clouds in the sky. So it needs artificial
lighting at night which since ancient times until modern times is now growing,
such as bonfires, torches, candles, oil lamps, electric lights, flashlights,
and so on.
Human life cannot be separated from
natural light, not only because of visual needs, but also because natural light
is able to provide a natural and different atmosphere with artificial lighting
such as lights. Light is always synonymous with warmth, because light is often
accompanied by higher temperatures because of the energy that accompanies its
presence.
Light really becomes an inseparable
element of an architectural work. Since humans lived in caves, light has become
an important part of civilization. When humans have been able to make a place
to live or a house, light becomes very important. There are many underlying
reasons, especially those related to activities. When there is a light source,
humans are easier to do activities because it makes humans able to receive and
access visual information. By knowing and understanding the situation around
it, humans can carry out various activities. This condition brings light to its
functional role. On the other hand, light also plays a role in providing visual
access to information displayed from architectural works, including geometric
games that feel stronger. So light also plays a role in aesthetics, in addition
to being functional.
During the day, with the great role
of sunlight, architectural works can be accessed by the sense of sight
properly. The existence of shadows because the light that befalls the geometry
makes an architectural work more dramatic in visual space. An example is the gates
to signify the boundary of a region and the reception that is more firmly the
impression of three dimensions when exposed to sunlight. The impression
obtained is to reinforce geometry and produce shadows from parts that are not
directly exposed to sunlight. The designs of the gates usually resemble the
designs on temples or palace buildings, but are simpler with loose rules. Not
only when exposed to sunlight, if exposed to the full moon light,
three-dimensional impressions still arise although weak. This is the greatness
of Indonesian culture that is able to make building designs by considering
light as an inseparable part in it so that beauty can be enjoyed by humans.
Wonogiri Regency Gates, Central Java Province, Indonesia
(Source: Google Maps
Natural light is an important matter
that is considered in the design of Betterpad-Ray Mockup (Benteng Terpadu Raya
/ Great Integrated Fortress "Mural Wall"). The design of this
building complex is a design that is made so that natural light can be utilized
properly. Looking carefully, it can be seen that the design of the buildings
has the appearance of a window as a design for the entry of sunlight into the
room, especially the Betterpad-Ray Shahada Mosque (Masjid Syahadat) and Main
Building. And what is clear, is that in the middle there is a pavilion in the
form of a building without a cover wall called Civilization Pavilion (Pendapa
Peradaban). This pendapa is the most obvious design of the Betterpad-Ray Mockup
so that light can enter into it. Besides that, natural light is something that
must be needed so that if the Betterpad-Ray Mockup design can be realized, God
willing, then the building that has been completed can really be seen by the
sense of sight and its shape and parts can be known so that people can do
activities and use them properly and correctly. Not only sunlight can display
the shape of the building, but also the light reflected by the moon, especially
the full moon. The lighting of the building at night can indeed brighten a
portion of the building, but the reflection of the moon can help show almost
all the outside of the building, even though the light is weak.
When humans are inside buildings or
around buildings by gaining access to natural sunlight, humans will experience
warmth so that they feel comfortable while in that place, this is the hope of
the Betterpad-Ray Mockup. People who feel comfortable when doing activities in
a place or building, then he is able to do something well and spirit. The
warmth of the sun is of course only felt at certain times and places, such as
on the terrace of the building at 7 am in Indonesia. Heat energy from the sun
will sting the skin during the afternoon until late afternoon. If you receive
excessive heat from the sun, of course it is an uncomfortable thing, especially
in an open place. So the design of the building must be able to deliver the
warmth of sufficient sunlight to the human body both on the terrace and in the
room by minimizing the feeling of heat and the building must also be able to
shade humans well when the sunlight is hot.
The main function of natural light
is so that humans can see objects so that humans can move well and smoothly.
Setting access to natural light into the room must be considered properly so as
to meet the human needs in it. The amount of light entering must be arranged so
that not too much or too little. The light entering in too much amount will
make glare and easy to feel heat. Whereas too few numbers cannot meet the needs
and it is difficult to move indoors.
Natural light is the main thing to
be able to display architectural works, in this case the Betterpad-Ray Mockup.
Natural light is a very large light that is able to brighten and display the
surrounding environment and architectural works well and precisely. This is the
provision of God Almighty that makes everything perfect. When there are parts
exposed to light, there must be a shadow. These two things are able to show the
aesthetic form of architectural works in real terms. Patterns or decorations
that are two-dimensional in shape on a building are simply brighten by natural
light without showing a form that looks real. While the pattern or
three-dimensional decoration is able to show a real shape when exposed to
natural light, such as poles, carving fences, gates, fountains, and so on.
Angles come from natural light which changes because the rotation of the earth
can be used to make sundials with various designs and techniques that have
existed in world civilization. God willing, most of the three-dimensional
decorative patterns in Betterpad-Ray Maket will use typical Indonesian
patterns, because they have high aesthetic value, usually display natural
beauty, and have a beautiful arch and flexibility pattern.
Shahada Mosque (Masjid Syahadat)
Civilization Pavilion (Pendapa Peradaban)
Betterpad-Ray Main Building
This is the explanation of the
article about the Betterpad-Ray (Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated
Fortress) model design. God willing, it can be realized. Aamiin. Sorry if there
is an error especially in this article.
Reference:
·
Manurung,
Parmonangan. Pencahayaan Alami dalam Arsitektur. 2012. Yogyakarta: ANDI.
(https://archive.org/stream/BukuArsitektur/1713_Pencahayaan%20Alami%20dalam%20Arsitektur#mode/2up)
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