Allah SWT ordered Prophet Abraham to establish the
Ka'bah near the Zam-Zam well, Mecca. Prophet Abraham also told this to his son,
Prophet Ishmael. Prophet Ishmael also wants to help build the Ka'bah. So they
both worked together to build a Ka'bah which would be used for worship. There
is a history that says that Prophet Adam was the one who first built the Ka'bah
which was later destroyed by floods in the days of Noah, Prophet Abraham and
Prophet Ishmael rebuilding the Ka'bah building in its original place. From
there the beginning of the pilgrimage for humanity.
They set up the Ka'bah with their own hands. They
use materials such as stones and so on. Every time they finish working they
always pray to Allah SWT.
"Our Lord, accept from us (our practice),
indeed You are the Hearing, the Knower."
When building the holy House of Allah, Prophet Abraham
and Prophet Ishmael placed a large black stone in one corner of the Kaaba
building. Before putting the stone down, they kissed it and surrounded the
Kaaba building. The stone still exists today and is called Hajar Aswad.
The Kaaba is getting higher. Prophet Abraham stood
in one corner and the place he stood still exists today and is known as the
maqam Ibrahim (Station of Abraham).
After the Ka'bah was established, Allah taught the
manner of worship to worship Allah SWT to Prophet Abraham and Prophet Ishmael.
This procedure of worship taught to Prophet Abraham
and the Prophet Ishmael will also be taught to the Prophets and Apostles after
them and to the Prophet Muhammad.
Below are the verses of Al-Qur'an which tell about
the development of Ka'bah and the prayers of Prophet Abraham.
Surah Al-Baqarah verse 125-129:
وَإِذۡ
جَعَلۡنَا ٱلۡبَيۡتَ مَثَابَةٗ لِّلنَّاسِ وَأَمۡنٗا وَٱتَّخِذُواْ مِن مَّقَامِ
إِبۡرَٰهِۧمَ مُصَلّٗىۖ وَعَهِدۡنَآ إِلَىٰٓ إِبۡرَٰهِۧمَ وَإِسۡمَٰعِيلَ أَن
طَهِّرَا بَيۡتِيَ لِلطَّآئِفِينَ وَٱلۡعَٰكِفِينَ وَٱلرُّكَّعِ ٱلسُّجُودِ ١٢٥ وَإِذۡ قَالَ إِبۡرَٰهِۧمُ رَبِّ ٱجۡعَلۡ
هَٰذَا بَلَدًا ءَامِنٗا وَٱرۡزُقۡ أَهۡلَهُۥ مِنَ ٱلثَّمَرَٰتِ مَنۡ ءَامَنَ
مِنۡهُم بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِۚ قَالَ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَأُمَتِّعُهُۥ
قَلِيلٗا ثُمَّ أَضۡطَرُّهُۥٓ إِلَىٰ عَذَابِ ٱلنَّارِۖ وَبِئۡسَ ٱلۡمَصِيرُ ١٢٦ وَإِذۡ يَرۡفَعُ إِبۡرَٰهِۧمُ ٱلۡقَوَاعِدَ
مِنَ ٱلۡبَيۡتِ وَإِسۡمَٰعِيلُ رَبَّنَا تَقَبَّلۡ مِنَّآۖ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ ٱلسَّمِيعُ
ٱلۡعَلِيمُ ١٢٧ رَبَّنَا وَٱجۡعَلۡنَا
مُسۡلِمَيۡنِ لَكَ وَمِن ذُرِّيَّتِنَآ أُمَّةٗ مُّسۡلِمَةٗ لَّكَ وَأَرِنَا
مَنَاسِكَنَا وَتُبۡ عَلَيۡنَآۖ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ ٱلتَّوَّابُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ ١٢٨ رَبَّنَا وَٱبۡعَثۡ فِيهِمۡ رَسُولٗا
مِّنۡهُمۡ يَتۡلُواْ عَلَيۡهِمۡ ءَايَٰتِكَ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ وَٱلۡحِكۡمَةَ
وَيُزَكِّيهِمۡۖ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ ١٢٩
125. And [mention] when We made the House a place
of return for the people and [a place of] security. And take, [O believers],
from the standing place of Abraham a place of prayer. And We charged Abraham
and Ishmael, [saying], "Purify My House for those who perform Tawaf and
those who are staying [there] for worship and those who bow and prostrate [in
prayer]."
126. And [mention] when Abraham said, "My
Lord, make this a secure city and provide its people with fruits - whoever of
them believes in Allah and the Last Day." [Allah] said. "And whoever
disbelieves - I will grant him enjoyment for a little; then I will force him to
the punishment of the Fire, and wretched is the destination."
127. And [mention] when Abraham was raising the
foundations of the House and [with him] Ishmael, [saying], "Our Lord,
accept [this] from us. Indeed You are the Hearing, the Knowing.
128. Our Lord, and make us Muslims [in submission]
to You and from our descendants a Muslim nation [in submission] to You. And
show us our rites and accept our repentance. Indeed, You are the Accepting of
repentance, the Merciful.
129. Our Lord, and send among them a messenger
from themselves who will recite to them Your verses and teach them the Book and
wisdom and purify them. Indeed, You are the Exalted in Might, the Wise."
Surah Ibrahim verses 35-41:
وَإِذۡ قَالَ إِبۡرَٰهِيمُ
رَبِّ ٱجۡعَلۡ هَٰذَا ٱلۡبَلَدَ ءَامِنٗا وَٱجۡنُبۡنِي وَبَنِيَّ أَن نَّعۡبُدَ ٱلۡأَصۡنَامَ ٣٥ رَبِّ إِنَّهُنَّ أَضۡلَلۡنَ كَثِيرٗا مِّنَ
ٱلنَّاسِۖ فَمَن تَبِعَنِي فَإِنَّهُۥ مِنِّيۖ وَمَنۡ عَصَانِي فَإِنَّكَ غَفُورٞ
رَّحِيمٞ ٣٦ رَّبَّنَآ إِنِّيٓ أَسۡكَنتُ
مِن ذُرِّيَّتِي بِوَادٍ غَيۡرِ ذِي زَرۡعٍ عِندَ بَيۡتِكَ ٱلۡمُحَرَّمِ رَبَّنَا
لِيُقِيمُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ فَٱجۡعَلۡ أَفِۡٔدَةٗ مِّنَ ٱلنَّاسِ تَهۡوِيٓ
إِلَيۡهِمۡ وَٱرۡزُقۡهُم مِّنَ ٱلثَّمَرَٰتِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَشۡكُرُونَ ٣٧ رَبَّنَآ إِنَّكَ تَعۡلَمُ مَا نُخۡفِي
وَمَا نُعۡلِنُۗ وَمَا يَخۡفَىٰ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ مِن شَيۡءٖ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَلَا فِي
ٱلسَّمَآءِ ٣٨ ٱلۡحَمۡدُ لِلَّهِ ٱلَّذِي
وَهَبَ لِي عَلَى ٱلۡكِبَرِ إِسۡمَٰعِيلَ وَإِسۡحَٰقَۚ إِنَّ رَبِّي لَسَمِيعُ ٱلدُّعَآءِ ٣٩ رَبِّ ٱجۡعَلۡنِي مُقِيمَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ وَمِن
ذُرِّيَّتِيۚ رَبَّنَا وَتَقَبَّلۡ دُعَآءِ
٤٠ رَبَّنَا ٱغۡفِرۡ لِي وَلِوَٰلِدَيَّ وَلِلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ يَوۡمَ يَقُومُ ٱلۡحِسَابُ ٤١
35. And [mention, O Muhammad], when Abraham said,
"My Lord, make this city [Makkah] secure and keep me and my sons away from
worshipping idols.
36. My Lord, indeed they have led astray many
among the people. So whoever follows me - then he is of me; and whoever
disobeys me - indeed, You are [yet] Forgiving and Merciful.
37. Our Lord, I have settled some of my
descendants in an uncultivated valley near Your sacred House, our Lord, that
they may establish prayer. So make hearts among the people incline toward them
and provide for them from the fruits that they might be grateful.
38. Our Lord, indeed You know what we conceal and
what we declare, and nothing is hidden from Allah on the earth or in the
heaven.
39. Praise to Allah, who has granted to me in old
age Ishmael and Isaac. Indeed, my Lord is the Hearer of supplication.
40. My Lord, make me an establisher of prayer,
and [many] from my descendants. Our Lord, and accept my supplication.
41. Our Lord, forgive me and my parents and the
believers the Day the account is established."
The obligation to carry out Hajj for those who are
able (physical, spiritual, material, time, etc.) stated in the Surah Ali Imran
verse 97:
فِيهِ ءَايَٰتُۢ بَيِّنَٰتٞ
مَّقَامُ إِبۡرَٰهِيمَۖ وَمَن دَخَلَهُۥ كَانَ ءَامِنٗاۗ وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى ٱلنَّاسِ
حِجُّ ٱلۡبَيۡتِ مَنِ ٱسۡتَطَاعَ إِلَيۡهِ سَبِيلٗاۚ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ
غَنِيٌّ عَنِ ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ ٩٧
97. In it are clear signs [such as] the standing
place of Abraham. And whoever enters it shall be safe. And [due] to Allah from
the people is a pilgrimage to the House - for whoever is able to find thereto a
way. But whoever disbelieves - then indeed, Allah is free from need of the
worlds.
The procedure for the pilgrimage explained in the
Surah Al-Hajj verse 26-37:
وَإِذۡ بَوَّأۡنَا
لِإِبۡرَٰهِيمَ مَكَانَ ٱلۡبَيۡتِ أَن لَّا تُشۡرِكۡ بِي شَيۡٔٗا وَطَهِّرۡ
بَيۡتِيَ لِلطَّآئِفِينَ وَٱلۡقَآئِمِينَ وَٱلرُّكَّعِ ٱلسُّجُودِ ٢٦ وَأَذِّن فِي ٱلنَّاسِ بِٱلۡحَجِّ يَأۡتُوكَ
رِجَالٗا وَعَلَىٰ كُلِّ ضَامِرٖ يَأۡتِينَ مِن كُلِّ فَجٍّ عَمِيقٖ ٢٧ لِّيَشۡهَدُواْ مَنَٰفِعَ لَهُمۡ
وَيَذۡكُرُواْ ٱسۡمَ ٱللَّهِ فِيٓ أَيَّامٖ مَّعۡلُومَٰتٍ عَلَىٰ مَا رَزَقَهُم
مِّنۢ بَهِيمَةِ ٱلۡأَنۡعَٰمِۖ فَكُلُواْ مِنۡهَا وَأَطۡعِمُواْ ٱلۡبَآئِسَ ٱلۡفَقِيرَ ٢٨ ثُمَّ لۡيَقۡضُواْ تَفَثَهُمۡ وَلۡيُوفُواْ
نُذُورَهُمۡ وَلۡيَطَّوَّفُواْ بِٱلۡبَيۡتِ ٱلۡعَتِيقِ ٢٩ ذَٰلِكَۖ وَمَن يُعَظِّمۡ حُرُمَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ
فَهُوَ خَيۡرٞ لَّهُۥ عِندَ رَبِّهِۦۗ وَأُحِلَّتۡ لَكُمُ ٱلۡأَنۡعَٰمُ إِلَّا مَا
يُتۡلَىٰ عَلَيۡكُمۡۖ فَٱجۡتَنِبُواْ ٱلرِّجۡسَ مِنَ ٱلۡأَوۡثَٰنِ وَٱجۡتَنِبُواْ
قَوۡلَ ٱلزُّورِ ٣٠ حُنَفَآءَ لِلَّهِ
غَيۡرَ مُشۡرِكِينَ بِهِۦۚ وَمَن يُشۡرِكۡ بِٱللَّهِ فَكَأَنَّمَا خَرَّ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ
فَتَخۡطَفُهُ ٱلطَّيۡرُ أَوۡ تَهۡوِي بِهِ ٱلرِّيحُ فِي مَكَانٖ سَحِيقٖ ٣١ ذَٰلِكَۖ وَمَن يُعَظِّمۡ شَعَٰٓئِرَ ٱللَّهِ
فَإِنَّهَا مِن تَقۡوَى ٱلۡقُلُوبِ ٣٢
لَكُمۡ فِيهَا مَنَٰفِعُ إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٖ مُّسَمّٗى ثُمَّ مَحِلُّهَآ إِلَى ٱلۡبَيۡتِ
ٱلۡعَتِيقِ ٣٣ وَلِكُلِّ أُمَّةٖ
جَعَلۡنَا مَنسَكٗا لِّيَذۡكُرُواْ ٱسۡمَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَىٰ مَا رَزَقَهُم مِّنۢ
بَهِيمَةِ ٱلۡأَنۡعَٰمِۗ فَإِلَٰهُكُمۡ إِلَٰهٞ وَٰحِدٞ فَلَهُۥٓ أَسۡلِمُواْۗ
وَبَشِّرِ ٱلۡمُخۡبِتِينَ ٣٤ ٱلَّذِينَ
إِذَا ذُكِرَ ٱللَّهُ وَجِلَتۡ قُلُوبُهُمۡ وَٱلصَّٰبِرِينَ عَلَىٰ مَآ
أَصَابَهُمۡ وَٱلۡمُقِيمِي ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ وَمِمَّا رَزَقۡنَٰهُمۡ يُنفِقُونَ ٣٥ وَٱلۡبُدۡنَ جَعَلۡنَٰهَا لَكُم مِّن
شَعَٰٓئِرِ ٱللَّهِ لَكُمۡ فِيهَا خَيۡرٞۖ فَٱذۡكُرُواْ ٱسۡمَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡهَا
صَوَآفَّۖ فَإِذَا وَجَبَتۡ جُنُوبُهَا فَكُلُواْ مِنۡهَا وَأَطۡعِمُواْ ٱلۡقَانِعَ
وَٱلۡمُعۡتَرَّۚ كَذَٰلِكَ سَخَّرۡنَٰهَا لَكُمۡ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَشۡكُرُونَ ٣٦ لَن يَنَالَ ٱللَّهَ لُحُومُهَا وَلَا
دِمَآؤُهَا وَلَٰكِن يَنَالُهُ ٱلتَّقۡوَىٰ مِنكُمۡۚ كَذَٰلِكَ سَخَّرَهَا لَكُمۡ
لِتُكَبِّرُواْ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ مَا هَدَىٰكُمۡۗ وَبَشِّرِ ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ ٣٧
26. And [mention, O Muhammad], when We designated
for Abraham the site of the House, [saying], "Do not associate anything
with Me and purify My House for those who perform Tawaf and those who stand [in
prayer] and those who bow and prostrate.
27. And proclaim to the people the Hajj
[pilgrimage]; they will come to you on foot and on every lean camel; they will
come from every distant pass -
28. That they may witness benefits for themselves
and mention the name of Allah on known days over what He has provided for them
of [sacrificial] animals. So eat of them and feed the miserable and poor.
29. Then let them end their untidiness and
fulfill their vows and perform Tawaf around the ancient House."
30. That [has been commanded], and whoever honors
the sacred ordinances of Allah - it is best for him in the sight of his Lord.
And permitted to you are the grazing livestock, except what is recited to you.
So avoid the uncleanliness of idols and avoid false statement,
31. Inclining [only] to Allah, not associating
[anything] with Him. And he who associates with Allah - it is as though he had
fallen from the sky and was snatched by the birds or the wind carried him down
into a remote place.
32. That [is so]. And whoever honors the symbols
of Allah - indeed, it is from the piety of hearts.
33. For you the animals marked for sacrifice are
benefits for a specified term; then their place of sacrifice is at the ancient
House.
34. And for all religion We have appointed a rite
[of sacrifice] that they may mention the name of Allah over what He has
provided for them of [sacrificial] animals. For your god is one God, so to Him
submit. And, [O Muhammad], give good tidings to the humble [before their Lord]
35. Who, when Allah is mentioned, their hearts
are fearful, and [to] the patient over what has afflicted them, and the
establishers of prayer and those who spend from what We have provided them.
36. And the camels and cattle We have appointed
for you as among the symbols of Allah; for you therein is good. So mention the
name of Allah upon them when lined up [for sacrifice]; and when they are
[lifeless] on their sides, then eat from them and feed the needy and the
beggar. Thus have We subjected them to you that you may be grateful.
37. Their meat will not reach Allah, nor will
their blood, but what reaches Him is piety from you. Thus have We subjected
them to you that you may glorify Allah for that [to] which He has guided you;
and give good tidings to the doers of good.
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