Friday, February 22, 2019

SKY WITH RAIN THAT "BACK ROTATE" AND THE MAIN ELEMENTS OF THE WATER CYCLE

The earth is the only planet in the solar system, where most of its territory is covered by waters, both in solid form (sheets of snow and ice), liquid, or gas (water vapor). The area of water on the surface of the earth is called the hydrosphere. The hydrosphere comes from the word hidros = water and sphere = area or sphere. Called a sphere because this earth is indeed spherical. These water areas include oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, glaciers, groundwater, and water vapor in the atmosphere. According to scientists' observations, nearly three quarters of the earth's surface is covered with water.

The amount of water on this earth always remains and always moves in an iterative circulation called the water cycle or the hydrological cycle.

The branch of earth science that specifically studies the landscape of water, especially in land areas, is hydrology. Whereas the study of marine waters is called oceanography.

وَٱلسَّمَآءِ ذَاتِ ٱلرَّجۡعِ  ١١ [ الـطارق:11-11]

11.  By the sky which returns [rain] [At Tariq:11]

In the Qur'an at surah At Tariq verse 11, there is the word " ٱلرَّجۡعِ " which also means back rotate according to the commentators. Rain is called raj'i because rain comes from vapor that rising from the earth to the atmosphere, then down to earth, back up, down again, and so on. This is in accordance with the mention of the water cycle, that the stages of formation of rain always continue to rotate or repeatedly.

             Source of object: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iexfrQlwnlE

The radiant heat from the sun heats the waters on the surface of the earth, especially the oceans and seas, and there is a process of evaporation of water. Then the water vapor moves up into the air which is immediately followed by a decrease in temperature. At a certain height, water vapor that experiences condensation turns into dew or forms clouds. Collections of clouds in the atmosphere sometimes move locations to other places by wind movements. Then the dew turns to rain or snow. Rainfall in the form of ice and snow crystals is common in very high mountain areas or during the winter (four seasons area) because the surrounding air temperature is very cold below freezing.

There are three types of water cycles, as follows.

a. A small cycle, which is the evaporation of sea water because of the sun's heat, then gathered into clouds. At a certain height due to condensation, water dots that gather together are getting bigger and bigger, then falling back into the sea as rain.
b. Medium cycle, which is evaporation of sea water so that clouds form. The clouds are carried by the wind to the land and condensation occurs. Then rain and rain water poured into the ground, sewers, continued to flow into the rivers and returned to the sea.
c. The big cycle, which is sea water evaporates into gas and then becomes ice crystals above the sea, then carried by the wind to the land (high mountains), falls to land as snow, forms glaciers (melting ice sheets), enters rivers and back flowing into the sea.

The occurrence of the water cycle through various processes that follow meteorological and climatological symptoms, namely:

a. Evaporation, which is evaporation of abiotic objects and is a process of changing forms from water to gas. About 80% of the evaporation on earth comes from sea water.
b. Transpiration, namely the process of releasing water vapor from plants through the stomata / leaf mouth.c. Evapotranspiration, which is a combination of evaporation and transpiration.
d. Condensation, namely the process of changing the form of water vapor into water due to cooling.
e. Advection, namely water transportation in horizontal movements; such as the transportation of heat and water vapor from one place to another by air moving horizontally.
f. Precipitation, namely all forms of outpouring or rain from the atmosphere that descends to the surface of the earth which includes rain of water, hail, or snow.
g. Run off, which is the movement of water flow on the ground through rivers and creeks.
h. Infiltration, namely permeation or movement of water into the soil through the soil pores.

Some natural processes when rain falls are as follows.

a. Directly down to the sea.
b. Directly evaporates back into the atmosphere before reaching the earth's surface.
c. Fall on leaves or plant branches and evaporate back into the atmosphere before reaching the surface of the earth. The process of evaporation of water from twigs and leaves is called interception.
d. Reach the earth's surface and seep through the soil layers and become an infiltration.
e. Reach the earth's surface and pool, then move or flow on the surface of the earth (surface run off). This happens when the soil is saturated with water due to high intensity rain that lasts a long time or because of the slope of the land.


Presented by


(Benteng Terpadu Raya/Great Integrated Fortress)


Reference:
·         Wardiyatmoko, K. 2004. Geografi SMA Jilid 1 untuk Kelas X Kurikulum 2004 Berbasis Kompetensi. Jakarta: Erlangga.
·         Utoyo, Bambang. 2009. Geografi 1 Membuka Cakrawala Dunia untuk Kelas X Sekolah Menengah Atas/Madrasah Aliyah. Jakarta: Pusat Perbukuan Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.
·         Soegimo, Dibyo and Ruswanto. 2009. Geografi: untuk SMA/MA Kelas X. Jakarta: Pusat Perbukuan Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.
·         https://www.republika.co.id/berita/dunia-islam/hikmah/12/04/11/m2auh6-inilah-mukjizat-alquran-tentang-langit-yang-mengembalikan

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