Sunday, March 24, 2019

THE STORY OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD - Medina Charter

Prophet Muhammad made an agreement for fellow Muslims. In addition to strengthening unity, this is also to educate them to become quality believers. The existence of Jews as part of the community of Medina is also a thing that cannot be denied. Even though they hate Islam, they don't show hostility. So Prophet Muhammad needed to enter into an agreement with them to strengthen the stability of the people of Medina. All these agreements are called the charter of Medina.

The following are contents,

Bismillahirrahmaanirrahim

This is the writing of Muhammad Shallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam for the believers (Mukminin) and Muslims of Quraisy and Yathrib, those who joined them and fought with them. Indeed they are one people and different from other humans. The Muhajirins of Quraisy remained in their tradition legalized by Islam, they paid diyat (compensation for murder) to others, redeemed their captives in a manner that was good and fair to the believers.

Banu Auf remained in their tradition legalized by Islam, they paid diyat to others as before and each group redeemed their captives in a manner that was good and fair to the believers.

Banu Saidah remained in their tradition legalized by Islam, some of them paid diyat as before, some of them redeemed their captives in a manner that was good and fair to humans.

Banu Al-Harth remained in their tradition legalized by Islam, some of them paid diyat, some of them redeemed their captives in a manner that was good and fair to humans.

Banu An-Najjar remained in their tradition legalized by Islam, some of them paid diyat to others, each group of them redeemed their captives in a manner that was good and fair to humans.

Banu Amr ibn Auf remained in their tradition legalized by Islam, some of them paid diyat to others as before, some of them redeemed their captives in a way that was good, fair to humans.

Banu Al-Aus remained in their tradition legalized by Islam, some of them paid diyat to others as before, each of them redeemed their captives in a manner that was good and fair to humans.

Believers should not abandon mufrah (people who have a lot of debt and have a lot of family dependents) and they must give him money for captive redemption or payment of diyat in a good way.

Believers should not ally themselves with former slaves of believers without involving the former slave owner. Indeed, the pious believers are united in the face of those who persecute them or those who desire great tyranny, or sin, or hostility, or damage to the Believers.

Believers may not kill believers who kill unbelievers and believers should not help unbelievers in facing believers. Indeed, God's dependence is one. The weakest among them were given protection and indeed the believers were supporters of some others. Anyone among Jews follows us, he has the right to get help, together, they are not wronged and they cannot be defeated. Surely the peace of the believers is one; believers must not reconcile with besides believers in war in the way of Allah except on the basis of equality and justice between them. All the troops who fought with us came in turn. Indeed, some of the believers were killed because they killed some of the other believers. Indeed, the faithful believers are in the best and most direct direction.

Surely the polytheists may not protect the wealth of the Quraysh or their souls and may not move to him to face the believers.

Whoever kills the believer without sin and proof, he is killed, therefore, except the victim's family forgives him. In fact the believers united in facing it and they must uphold the law against that person. Indeed, believers who believe in the contents of this agreement, believe in Allah and have faith in the End Times, forbidden to defend the bid'ah performer and protect him. Whoever defends the bid'ah performer or protects him gets the curse of God and His wrath on the Day of Judgment. Ransom should not be taken from it. If you are at loggerheads on one of the issues, the place of return are Allah Azza Wa Jalla and Muhammad Shallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam.

Indeed, the Jews were also subject to financial obligations if they were equally fought by the enemy. Indeed, the Jews of Banu Auf were one people with the believers. For the Jews of their religion and for the believers of their religion. Their slaves and their souls (protected), except those who do wrong and sin, they do not destroy anyone except themselves and their families. Indeed, the Jews of Banu An-Najjar had the same rights as the Jews of Banu Auf. Indeed, the Jews of Banu Al-Harith had the same rights as the rights of the Jews of Banu Auf. Indeed, the Jews of Banu Saidah had the same rights as the rights of the Jews of Banu Auf. Indeed, the Jews of Banu Jusam had the same rights as the Jews of Banu Auf. In fact the Jews of Banu Al-Aus had the same rights as the rights of the Jews of Banu Auf. Indeed, the Banu Tha'labah Jews have the same rights as the rights of the Jews of Banu Auf, except those who commit tyranny and sin, he does not destroy anyone except himself and his family.

Indeed, Jafnah, one of the tribes of Tha'labah, is like them. Indeed, the Jews of Banu As-Sutaibah had the same rights as the rights of the Jews of Banu Auf. Indeed, goodness should deter someone from evil. In fact the slaves of the people of Tha'labah are the same as them. Indeed, the family of the Jews is like them.

Anyone from the Jews may not leave Medina except with the permission of Muhammad Shallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam. Whoever kills, he kills himself and his family, except those who are wronged, in fact Allah wants to reject the tyranny of him. Indeed, Jews are subject to financial obligations (infaq) and Muslims are also subject to financial obligations (infaq), and they are all obliged to provide a defense for anyone who fights people associated with this agreement. Advice and kindness must be carried out in their midst.

A person must not do evil to his allies and defense (help) must be given to those who are wronged. Indeed, the Jews are obliged to infaq with the believers if they are fought by the enemy.

Indeed, Yathrib is forbidden to those who are in this agreement. In fact the neighbor is like a soul, he must not be disturbed and cannot be hurt. Surely that honor must not be violated except with the permission of the owner. If the people who are in this agreement against the case or conflict that is feared to cause damage, then the place of return are to Allah Almighty and to Muhammad Shallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam. Indeed, Allah is very capable of keeping this agreement.

Surely the Quraysh must not be protected as well as those who helped them. Indeed, those who are bound by this agreement are obliged to provide assistance (defense) against anyone who intends to attack Yathrib. If they are invited to be peaceful and friendly, they must be peaceful and friendly. If they are invited to this, they have the right to the believers except those who fight religion. Every human being has their own part as before.

Indeed the Al-Aus Jews, their slaves and their souls have the same rights as those in this agreement, including doing good to those who are in this agreement. Indeed, goodness is different from evil. If someone does something, it is for themselves. Verily, Allah confirmed the contents of this agreement and blessed it. He who comes out of Medina is safe. He who lives in Medina is safe, except those who do wrong and sin.

Verily Allah protects those who do good and those who fear, and Muhammad is Rasulullah (messenger of Allah) Shallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam.


In this way, Prophet Muhammad formed an organized society and it could be said that Medina at that time was a sovereign state with legitimate power and Prophet Muhammad as its leader.


Reference:

·         Mubarakfuri, Syekh Shafiyyur-Rahman, and Haidir, Abdullah (Translator). 2005. Sejarah Hidup dan Perjuangan Rasulullah. Riyadh: Kantor Dakwah dan Bimbingan bagi Pendatang Al-Sulay.

·         Abu Muhammad Abdul Malik bin Hisyam Al-Muafiri. Sirah Nabawiyah Ibnu Hisyam. 2000. Jakarta Timur: Darul Falah.


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