Thursday, March 28, 2019

THE STORY OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD - Comparison of the Strength of the Muslim Forces and the Polytheists Forces at the Battle of Badr


Badr War Map
Object Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ry_vKTvWxq4

Badr Kubro War was the first war between Muslims against the infidels of Quraish. This war occurred during the month Ramadhan of second year of Hijri. This is a very decisive war.

Prophet Muhammad ordered Talha ibn Ubaidillah and Sa'id ibn Zaid to go north to conduct reconnaissance. They were informed that the Abu Sufyan trading group with very large merchandise was returning from Sham to Mecca. That was conveyed to Prophet Muhammad. He announced to his friends that for anyone who was willing to confront the trading group of Quraysh. Not all friends welcomed him because they thought it only needed a small army like the previous expeditions to control the trade routes to hamper the Quraysh trade.

Then there were 314 Muslim troops gathered with incomplete weapons, consisting of 83 Muhajirin, 61 Aus and 170 Khazraj. The horsemen were only two men, namely Zubair ibn Awwam as leader of the right wing of the army and Miqdad ibn Al Aswad Al Kindi as leader of the left wing of the army. While the camels number are 70 and are ridden alternately by two or three people. Then they depart on the eighth of Ramadan. Prophet Muhammad, Ali ibn Abi Talib, and Martad ibn Martad Al-Ghanawi took turns riding a camel. Likewise with Abu Bakr, Umar, and Abdurrahman ibn Auf. The leader of the prayer in Medina was handed over to Amr ibn Ummu Maktum, while the leader of Medina wasnded over to Abu Lubaba of Rauha'. In this journey, they were preceded by two black flags carried by Ali ibn Abi Talib of the Muhajirin forces and Sa'ad ibn Muaz of the Ansar forces. The white war banner was brought by Mush'ab ibn Umair. Qais ibn Abu Sha'sha'ah was appointed leader of the back row. While the highest leader is held by Prophet Muhammad.

Abu Sufyan thought that something would happen to him. Then he hired Dhomdhom ibn Amr Al Ghifari to ask for help in Mecca. Mecca residents including their leaders immediately prepared to form an army to save Abu Sufyan's trade caravan. All the leaders of Quraysh were fighting except Abu Lahab. Instead of him, he sent Al Ashi ibn Hisham ibn Al Mughirah. Al Ashi had a debt of 4000 dirhams to Abu Lahab to trade, but went bankrupt. Finally he must represent Abu Lahab. Then gathered troops with a complete weaponry of 1300 people, 100 horses, 600 armor, and many camels. Abu Jahal ibn Hisham led the army as warlords.

Then the Quraysh pagan army left for the direction of Medina. But in the middle of the trip, they again received a letter from Abu Sufyan that his group had managed to escape the detention of the Muslims. Therefore he asked the Quraysh troops to return to Mecca.

But arrogantly, Abu Jahal refused to return to Mecca. He still insisted on deploying his troops to Badr. But there were some troops who decided to return to Mecca with 300 people and did not participate in the Badr war. Then there were only 1,000 people left in the infidels army of Quraish.

After learning of the departure of the Quraish infidels forces and their approaching Badr, on the other hand the Abu Sufyan trading group had escaped their observations and were getting farther and farther away, the Muslim army was in doubt. Do they have to fight a far greater number of Quraysh infidels forces with complete weapons and equipment, while they are only a few with less weaponry?

Facing this critical situation, Rasulullah invited the friends to consult. Some troops are worried in the face of war later. This is explained in Surah Al Anfal verse 5:

كَمَآ أَخۡرَجَكَ رَبُّكَ مِنۢ بَيۡتِكَ بِٱلۡحَقِّ وَإِنَّ فَرِيقٗا مِّنَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ لَكَٰرِهُونَ  ٥
5.  [It is] just as when your Lord brought you out of your home [for the battle of Badr] in truth, while indeed, a party among the believers were unwilling,

After deliberation, they finally agreed to fight the infidels of Quraish forces and were ready to face the various possibilities that occurred. They continued their journey to fight.

After knowing through the children met by Rasulullah that the polytheists forces every day slaughtered nine or ten camels, he calculated that their number between 900 and 1000 people with an estimated one camel was enough for 100 people. Then the Muslim forces continued to Badr. Meanwhile on the side of the Quraish infidels forces there was a dispute. There are those who want not to fight and some who remain determined to fight the Muslims. But Abu Jahal insisted on fighting so they continued their journey.

On Friday the 17th of Ramadan in the second year of the Hijriah, the two troops who were ready to fight were facing each other. Rasulullah advised the Muslim forces not to start a war without command from him. Then the Badr Kubro war took place. The two forces fought each other by mobilizing all the available forces. Rasulullah who witnessed the battle also continued to pray to Allah SWT to be given victory until his shawl fell from his shoulders. This is his prayer, "O Allah, if this army loses today, then You will not be worshiped, O Allah, if You will, You will not be worshiped today".

So Allah SWT brings help in the form of angels who come by marching. The number of Muslim troops who were only about a third of the Quraish infidesl forces was added to the power of angels. Coupled with strong determination, the strength of the Muslims grew bigger and they succeeded in defeating the infidels army. Abu Jahal was killed by Mu'az ibn Amr ibn Al Jamuh and Mu'awwiz ibn Afra. Seventy Quraish infidels were killed and those who were captured were also seventy. Whereas on the Muslim side there were 14 martyrs. Then the Muslim army returned with a big victory.


Reference:
·         Mubarakfuri, Syekh Shafiyyur-Rahman, and Haidir, Abdullah (Translator). 2005. Sejarah Hidup dan Perjuangan Rasulullah. Riyadh: Kantor Dakwah dan Bimbingan bagi Pendatang Al-Sulay.
·         Haekal, Muhammad Husain, and Audah, Ali (Translator). Sejarah Hidup Muhammad.
·         Al-Mubarakfuriyy, Syeikh Safy Al-Rahman. Seerah Nabawiyyah, Al-Raheeq Al-Makhtum.
·         Abu Muhammad Abdul Malik bin Hisyam Al-Muafiri. Sirah Nabawiyah Ibnu Hisyam. 2000. Jakarta Timur: Darul Falah.


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