Badr War Map
Object Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ry_vKTvWxq4
Badr
Kubro War was the first war between Muslims against the infidels of Quraish.
This war occurred during the month Ramadhan of second year of Hijri. This is a
very decisive war.
Prophet Muhammad ordered Talha ibn
Ubaidillah and Sa'id ibn Zaid to go north to conduct reconnaissance. They were
informed that the Abu Sufyan trading group with very large merchandise was
returning from Sham to Mecca. That was conveyed to Prophet Muhammad. He
announced to his friends that for anyone who was willing to confront the
trading group of Quraysh. Not all friends welcomed him because they thought it
only needed a small army like the previous expeditions to control the trade
routes to hamper the Quraysh trade.
Then there were 314 Muslim troops
gathered with incomplete weapons, consisting of 83 Muhajirin, 61 Aus and 170
Khazraj. The horsemen were only two men, namely Zubair ibn Awwam as leader of
the right wing of the army and Miqdad ibn Al Aswad Al Kindi as leader of the
left wing of the army. While the camels number are 70 and are ridden
alternately by two or three people. Then they depart on the eighth of Ramadan.
Prophet Muhammad, Ali ibn Abi Talib, and Martad ibn Martad Al-Ghanawi took
turns riding a camel. Likewise with Abu Bakr, Umar, and Abdurrahman ibn Auf.
The leader of the prayer in Medina was handed over to Amr ibn Ummu Maktum,
while the leader of Medina wasnded over to Abu Lubaba of Rauha'. In this
journey, they were preceded by two black flags carried by Ali ibn Abi Talib of
the Muhajirin forces and Sa'ad ibn Muaz of the Ansar forces. The white war
banner was brought by Mush'ab ibn Umair. Qais ibn Abu Sha'sha'ah was appointed
leader of the back row. While the highest leader is held by Prophet Muhammad.
Abu Sufyan thought that something
would happen to him. Then he hired Dhomdhom ibn Amr Al Ghifari to ask for help
in Mecca. Mecca residents including their leaders immediately prepared to form
an army to save Abu Sufyan's trade caravan. All the leaders of Quraysh were
fighting except Abu Lahab. Instead of him, he sent Al Ashi ibn Hisham ibn Al
Mughirah. Al Ashi had a debt of 4000 dirhams to Abu Lahab to trade, but went
bankrupt. Finally he must represent Abu Lahab. Then gathered troops with a
complete weaponry of 1300 people, 100 horses, 600 armor, and many camels. Abu
Jahal ibn Hisham led the army as warlords.
Then the Quraysh pagan army left
for the direction of Medina. But in the middle of the trip, they again received
a letter from Abu Sufyan that his group had managed to escape the detention of
the Muslims. Therefore he asked the Quraysh troops to return to Mecca.
But arrogantly, Abu Jahal refused
to return to Mecca. He still insisted on deploying his troops to Badr. But
there were some troops who decided to return to Mecca with 300 people and did
not participate in the Badr war. Then there were only 1,000 people left in the
infidels army of Quraish.
After learning of the departure of
the Quraish infidels forces and their approaching Badr, on the other hand the
Abu Sufyan trading group had escaped their observations and were getting
farther and farther away, the Muslim army was in doubt. Do they have to fight a
far greater number of Quraysh infidels forces with complete weapons and
equipment, while they are only a few with less weaponry?
Facing
this critical situation, Rasulullah invited the friends to consult. Some troops
are worried in the face of war later. This is explained in Surah Al Anfal verse
5:
كَمَآ
أَخۡرَجَكَ رَبُّكَ مِنۢ بَيۡتِكَ بِٱلۡحَقِّ وَإِنَّ فَرِيقٗا مِّنَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ
لَكَٰرِهُونَ ٥
5. [It is] just as when
your Lord brought you out of your home [for the battle of Badr] in truth, while
indeed, a party among the believers were unwilling,
After
deliberation, they finally agreed to fight the infidels of Quraish forces and
were ready to face the various possibilities that occurred. They continued
their journey to fight.
After
knowing through the children met by Rasulullah that the polytheists forces
every day slaughtered nine or ten camels, he calculated that their number
between 900 and 1000 people with an estimated one camel was enough for 100
people. Then the Muslim forces continued to Badr. Meanwhile on the side of the
Quraish infidels forces there was a dispute. There are those who want not to
fight and some who remain determined to fight the Muslims. But Abu Jahal
insisted on fighting so they continued their journey.
On
Friday the 17th of Ramadan in the second year of the Hijriah, the two troops
who were ready to fight were facing each other. Rasulullah advised the Muslim
forces not to start a war without command from him. Then the Badr Kubro war
took place. The two forces fought each other by mobilizing all the available
forces. Rasulullah who witnessed the battle also continued to pray to Allah SWT
to be given victory until his shawl fell from his shoulders. This is his
prayer, "O Allah, if this army loses today, then You will not be
worshiped, O Allah, if You will, You will not be worshiped today".
So
Allah SWT brings help in the form of angels who come by marching. The number of
Muslim troops who were only about a third of the Quraish infidesl forces was
added to the power of angels. Coupled with strong determination, the strength
of the Muslims grew bigger and they succeeded in defeating the infidels army.
Abu Jahal was killed by Mu'az ibn Amr ibn Al Jamuh and Mu'awwiz ibn Afra.
Seventy Quraish infidels were killed and those who were captured were also
seventy. Whereas on the Muslim side there were 14 martyrs. Then the Muslim army
returned with a big victory.
Reference:
·
Mubarakfuri,
Syekh Shafiyyur-Rahman, and Haidir, Abdullah (Translator). 2005. Sejarah Hidup dan Perjuangan Rasulullah.
Riyadh: Kantor Dakwah dan Bimbingan bagi Pendatang Al-Sulay.
·
Haekal,
Muhammad Husain, and Audah, Ali (Translator). Sejarah Hidup Muhammad.
·
Al-Mubarakfuriyy,
Syeikh Safy Al-Rahman. Seerah Nabawiyyah,
Al-Raheeq Al-Makhtum.
·
Abu
Muhammad Abdul Malik bin Hisyam Al-Muafiri. Sirah
Nabawiyah Ibnu Hisyam. 2000. Jakarta Timur: Darul Falah.
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