The
Muslims of Mecca began to emigrate leaving their hometowns to Yathrib (Medina)
after the second Bai'at Aqabah. This is because the Anshar (meaning
"helper", Muslim of Yathrib / Medina) has guaranteed to provide
shelter and security to the Muslim Mecca (Mekkah) called the Muhajirin (the
hijrah). So at that time, the Muslims had gained territory which was ready to
accommodate them as well as a starting point for the struggle to spread the
teachings of Islam. This migration of friends to Yathrib has been permitted by
Prophet Muhammad.
After
Bai'at Aqabah, the disbelievers of Quraish were worried because there was a
group of Yathrib who had converted to Islam. The infidels Quraish has known the
prophethood of Muhammad SAW for thirteen years. During that time they continued
to carry out attacks on Rasulullah. But during that time also Rasulullah
adhered to his principles. He could not be persuaded and never gave up in the
face of various disturbances, as well as his followers. With the pledge of the
Muslim friends of Mecca, the victory will belong to the Muslims. The infidels
Quraish thinks if they cannot fight it, they will always be restless with the
victory of Rasulullah. They think of a plan to thwart the efforts of Rasulullah
in calling for the teachings of Islam. Rasulullah also thought of ways for his
da'wah efforts to succeed. With a wise attitude, he ordered the companions to
overtake the Ansar to Yathrib.
Although
there have been bright spots for Muslims, the struggle for hijrah is very hard
and challenging. The friends must face various risks in order to migrate. There
are those who have to leave their relatives, property, and some even have their
lives threatened. Moreover, leaving country is hard for everyone. In hijrah, of
course they cannot guess what they will experience there, whether it be joy or
sorrow. It is possible that they would leave Mecca for a long time or not even
go back to Mecca.
According
to Ibn Ishaq, the person who first moved to Yathrib (Medina) was Abu Salamah Al
Makhzumi. His real name is Abdullah. Actually he had migrated a year before the
Bai'at Aqabah event. He met Rasulullah from Abbisinia. When the infidels of
Quraish oppressed him and he heard the Islamization of the Ansar, he moved to
Medina. Then the person who first arrived in Medina after Abu Salamah was Amir
ibn Rabi'ah and his wife, Laila bint Abu Hatsmah. Then Abdullah ibn Jahsy moved
with his wife and brother, Abd ibn Jahsy, better known as Abu Ahmad. Abu Ahmad
was the blind man who surrounded Upper Mecca and Lower Mecca without guidance.
He is also a poet.
When
Umar ibn Khattab, Ayyash ibn Abu Rabi'ah, and Hisham ibn Al-Ash wanted to
migrate to Medina and agreed to meet on a tributary, they said, "If one of
us tomorrow is not in that place, then he is held back and let the other two go
to Medina". The next day, Hisham could not come because he was tortured.
So Umar and Ayyash departed and arrived in Medina. Abu Jahal ibn Hisham and Al
Harith ibn Hisham went to Medina to meet Ayyash. At that time Rasulullah was
still in Mecca. They persuaded Ayyash to go home and cheating that his mother
wanted to see him. Actually Umar had prevented him, but Ayyash decided to
return to Mecca. On the way, Abu Jahal and Al Harits captured Ayyah and took
him to Mecca to be tortured.
When
Rasulullah was in Medina, he asked anyone to free Ayyash and Hisham ibn Al Ash.
Al Walid ibn Al Walid ibn Al Mughirah agreed and immediately went to Mecca
secretly. So he succeeded in freeing Ayyash ibn Abu Rabi'ah and Hisham ibn Al
Ash and bringing them to Medina.
One
by one, Muslims managed to migrate to Yathrib. Most of them go in groups and
clandestinely, only a few go blatantly. But that was known by polytheists of
Quraish. They immediately acted by trying to return the people who could still
be returned to Mecca and persuaded to return to their old religion, if they did
not want to be persecuted and tortured. One of their ways is to separate the
husband from the wife, if the wife of the Quraysh party, she is not allowed to
join the husband. Those who do not comply, wives who can still be brackets will
be locked up.
However
the polytheists of Quraish will not be able to do more than that. They worry
that there will be a civil war between the tribes if they try to kill one of
the particular tribes.
Consequently
the Muslims migrated to Yathrib, while Rasulullah was still in Mecca. At that
time no one knew that Rasulullah would remain in Mecca or make a decision to
join in emigrating. This is also the same as the events of the migration of
some Muslims to Abbisinia / Ethiopia, that it turned out that Rasulullah
remained in Mecca to call for Islamic teachings to his family members. Even
when Abu Bakr asked permission to migrate to Yathrib, Rasulullah only said, "Don't
be in a hurry, if God includes a friend", and nothing more than that.
After
two months and a few days after the second Bai'at Aqabah, finally there were no
Muslims left except Prophet Muhammad, Abu Bakr, and Ali ibn Abi Talib
radhiallahuanhuma, and those who were detained by the polytheists.
Meanwhile,
Rasulullah was waiting for the time when Allah allowed him to emigrate. Abu
Bakr, who at that time was also ready to emigrate, was asked by Rasulullah to
join him.
Unbelievers
of Quraysh tried to frustrate Rasulullah's plan, even planning to kill him. But
Allah Ta'ala always protects his chosen servants. Rasulullah must have survived
the disruption of the polytheists and succeeded in reaching Yathrib, a place
where he would struggle to uphold Islam with various efforts to succeed.
Reference:
·
Mubarakfuri,
Syekh Shafiyyur-Rahman, and Haidir, Abdullah (Translator). 2005. Sejarah Hidup dan Perjuangan Rasulullah.
Riyadh: Kantor Dakwah dan Bimbingan bagi Pendatang Al-Sulay.
·
Haekal, Muhammad
Husain, and Audah, Ali (Translator). Sejarah
Hidup Muhammad.
·
Al-Mubarakfuriyy,
Syeikh Safy Al-Rahman. Seerah Nabawiyyah,
Al-Raheeq Al-Makhtum.
·
Abu Muhammad
Abdul Malik bin Hisyam Al-Muafiri. Sirah
Nabawiyah Ibnu Hisyam. 2000. Jakarta Timur: Darul Falah.
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