Saturday, April 13, 2019

MAQUETTE BETTERPAD-RAY - Examples of Shahada Mosque (Masjid Syahadat) Planning Based on Building Concepts

For everyone who is layman or professional, of course they already know that in building a building must begin with planning. The concept of the building to be built is something that must be considered so that it fits with expectations. Especially for mosques that are used as places of worship and public spaces for Muslims. When starting to plan to build a mosque, for example the design of the Shahada mosque (masjid Syahadat) which is part of the Betterpad-Ray (Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated Fortress) model/maquette, would certainly think of the initial questions like this. How much land is there? What is the condition of the land that is good for the design? Or what about the existing land that can be built a safe and comfortable mosque? What is the area of the mosque according to the area and shape of the land? What is the good position of the Qibla according to the shape of the land? Is it facing the road or backing it? What is the direction of entry? What is the shape of the roof, dome or pyramid? What is the position of ablution place? What is the area of hardened land and what is the water absorption? How to arrange a parking lot? What is the garden designed like? And many more questions.




In completing it, of course you should not carelessly or try. Planning must go through a process that is done seriously so that the mosque building will be truly in line with expectations, including the design of the Shahada mosque. Therefore, an understanding of the concept of mosque building must be needed to initiate the planning process. Architecture is needed as a guideline in planning and designing the space and building of the mosque. In the Betterpad-Ray model design, especially the Shahada mosque, it is more towards decoration or art as a display model, rather than planning that is really done. But I hope that I can study the architectural model seriously or have input from the architects so that I can perfect and realize my design. Aamiin.

In the concept of mosque architecture, the model and shape of the mosque is included in the ijtihad of Muslim architects or designers. There is no special order in Islam about the shape of the mosque that should be. That is, the architect or designer can determine the shape and model of the mosque building freely, provided that it is in accordance with the teachings of the Qur'an and Hadith as a religion of monotheism.

In the basic principles of mosque planning, the mosque should be built according to the following provisions.
Ø   The position of the mosque as the house of God so that it is a holy place
Ø   The function of the mosque as a place of worship and religious center
Ø   Aims to create a human who is cautious and hopes for guidance and merit from Allah
Ø   Principles of financial management in accordance with the Quran and Hadith
Ø   General principles in worship

Mosque planning must pay attention to its position. As a holy place, the mosque must be able to encourage worship to submit to Allah SWT, create an atmosphere of the glory of the Creator, and create an atmosphere that shows humility as servants of Allah. As a place of worship, mosque buildings must be able to create peace so that they can worship solemnly and avoid being showing off, arrogant, and daydreaming. The existence of silence and calm can make people more faithful in Allah and realize that he is nothing. In essence, the design of the Shahada mosque is expected to touch the deepest feelings of the worshipers so as to lead to peace, tranquility, and spiritual satisfaction.


From the design of the Shahada mosque it is hoped that it can attract Muslims to visit it and enjoy worshiping in it. So as much as possible the design of the Shahada mosque to the most detail must be beautiful, amazing, and impressive. In planning a mosque, here are some important provisions that must be considered.
Ø  The building of the mosque is in accordance with the function, purpose and role of the mosque in the life of the Muslim community, as well as the avoidance of buildings or rooms that are not in accordance with the role of the mosque.
Ø  Avoiding other religious identities, whether in the form of ornaments or parts of buildings that can show the identity of a religion. According to Surat Al Kafirun verse 6, "for you your religion and for me my religion". The shape of the building is also sought so as not to turn away the thoughts and feelings of the worshipers.
Ø  Avoid all forms of decoration in the form of statues and paintings, both human and animal. It is also recommended not to give calligraphy or other decorations (especially the Qibla direction wall) that can disturb the serenity of worship.
Ø  There are no futile parts of the mosque, both Islamic uses and meanings. This means that every inch of mosque building must have functions and benefits. Although it may not be excessive in the use of land or building materials, but not at a low cost because Islam forbids stinging.
Ø  The mosque should have a beauty value, both according to the colors, shapes, locations, and Islamic decorations.

Another thing that must be considered in planning and designing a mosque is its activities and users. If you pay close attention from the start, you can plan your room effectively and efficiently.

1. Shahada mosque activities
It is hoped that the most important activities carried out in accordance with the mosque design are the prayer, especially the congregational prayers, both five daily prayers and Friday prayers. Other activities that can be carried out in order to increase the faith and piety of God are divided into the fields of worship and da'wah. Worship activities include tarawih prayer, Eid al-Fitr prayer, and Eid al-Adha. It is expected that the implementation of zakat fitrah, slaughter of animals, and distribution of Qurban animal meat can be carried out. It is hoped that the da'wah activities that can be carried out in the field of da'wah include recitation, religious lectures, dawn lectures, and management of educational activities.

Not only religious education, it is hoped that worldly knowledge that is beneficial to society can be taught according to the purpose of designing the Shahada mosque, if provided with adequate facilities. Educational activities that can be carried out include teaching how to read the Qur'an and understanding its contents and building an adequate mini library.

2. Mosque users
Mosque users are those who use mosques to worship or other activities according to Islamic teachings and the physical form of mosque buildings. According to the function and role of the mosque, mosque users can be grouped as follows.
o   Management and manager of the mosque
o   Communities around the mosque
o   A traveler or person on a long journey
o   Traders around the mosque
o   Mosque guests in certain matters

From the design of the Shahada mosque which is part of the Betterpad-Ray model, it is expected to be visited by various Muslim groups. Because the Betterpad-Ray model can be used as a multipurpose public space, of course visitors can vary. In the building complex a mosque is designed especially when prayer times have arrived and at that time, visitors who are in a certain event can worship in the Shahada mosque with close distance without confusion.

A office will be provided for administrators and managers of the Shahada mosque. For visitors who want to do educative religious recreation, they will be guided to the Shahada tower which contains various articles on Islamic history and observation sites on the seventh floor (top). Especially traders who sell in mosques must comply with mosque regulations and building complexes and also get special permits, and their sales activities do not interfere with the activities of their worshipers.

Hopefully the design of the Shahada Mosque (Masjid Syahadat), which is part of the Betterpad-Ray (Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated Fortress) model/maquette, can inspire and be realized. Aamiin.


Reference:
·         Susanta, Gatut, et al. Membangun Masjid & Mushola. 2007. Depok: Penebar Swadaya. (https://archive.org/stream/BukuArsitektur/1048_Membangun%20Masjid%20dan%20Mushola#mode/2up)

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