Mount Uhud
Object Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f0Otvzv4eF8
During the year after the Battle of
Badr, the polytheists prepared everything for revenge against the Muslims in
Medina who had defeated them. They gather as much power as possible and provide
a place for anyone who wants to join the polytheists or help them in the next
war. Many people who helped provide them with a thousand camels and fifty
thousand dinars.
Abdullah ibn Abu Rabi'ah, Ikrimah
ibn Abu Jahal, and Shofwan ibn Umaiyyah with other Quraysh who lost their
father, son, and brother in the battle of Badr to meet Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and
said to him and the Quraysh merchants, "O people of Quraysh, in fact
Muhammad made a big mistake on you and destroyed your chosen people. Then help
us with wealth to fight it, so that we can take revenge for the deaths of our
people! "
So Abu Sufyan and the other
merchants wanted to help them.Then comes the verse from Allah SWT, Surah Al
Anfal verse 36:
إِنَّ
ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ يُنفِقُونَ أَمۡوَٰلَهُمۡ لِيَصُدُّواْ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِۚ
فَسَيُنفِقُونَهَا ثُمَّ تَكُونُ عَلَيۡهِمۡ حَسۡرَةٗ ثُمَّ يُغۡلَبُونَۗ وَٱلَّذِينَ
كَفَرُوٓاْ إِلَىٰ جَهَنَّمَ يُحۡشَرُونَ
٣٦
36. Indeed, those who disbelieve spend their
wealth to avert [people] from the way of Allah. So they will spend it; then it
will be for them a [source of] regret; then they will be overcome. And those
who have disbelieved - unto Hell they will be gathered.
After the polytheists had various
necessary warfare, they succeeded in gathering 3000 people from the Quraysh
tribe and their allies, such as Banu Kinanah and the Tihamah people, some of
them even 15 women to encourage the polytheists forces to fight to death to
maintain dignity. They also have as many as 3000 camels and 200 horses and 700
armor.
A Badr prisoner of war who was
released free of charge by Rasulullah, Abu Izzah Amr ibn Abdullah Al Jumahi was
persuaded by Shofwan ibn Umaiyyah to help the polytheists forces with his
poems, because he was a poet. Initially Abu Izzah Al Jumahi refused because he
felt indebted to Rasulullah. But Shofwan promises wealth and if Abu Izzah Al
Jumahi turns out to be killed then his daughters will get rations from Shofwan.
So Abu Izzah Al Jumahi obeyed.
Jubair ibn Al Mut'im who lost his
uncle, Tu'aimah ibn Adi who was killed in the battle of Badr ordered his black
slave named Wahsyi, an expert to throw a spear from Abbisinia whose throw
rarely missed the target, to kill Hamzah in retaliation. If successful, Wahsyi
will be freed.
Abu Sufyan ibn Harb as general
command leader, Khalid ibn Walid as commander of a horse rider assisted by
Ikrimah ibn Abu Jahal. While the flag is held by Banu Abduddar. Then the
Quraysh army began to move towards Medina. Abu Sufyan left with his wife,
Hindun bint Utbah. Ikrimah ibn Abu Jahal with his wife Umm Hakim bint Al Harith
ibn Hisham bin Al Mughirah.
Meanwhile in Medina, Prophet
Muhammad had learned in detail about the situation of the Quraysh forces of his
uncle, Abbas, by sending his envoy to Medina. Then the residents of Medina were
instructed to always be vigilant. Men always carry weapons even though they are
praying.
Meanwhile the polytheists of Quraysh
approached the city of Medina until they stopped at a place near Mount Uhud. In
Medina, Rasulullah discussed with his companions how to fight the polytheistic
attacks of the Quraysh.
To deal with these critical times,
Rasulullah consulted with selected friends. Initially, Rasulullah argued that
the Muslims survived in Medina alone, assuming that the polytheists invaded the
city, then the Muslims could immediately drive them from behind the halls plus
attacks from women from above the house. Abdullah ibn Ubay ibn Salul, a
hypocritical figure, immediately agreed to the Rasulullah's opinion. At that
time he was present as a figure from the Khazraj. But he agreed not because of
the strategy of war or obedience to Rasulullah, but more because of his desire not
to fight in circumstances unknown to the Muslims.
But a number of friends have
another opinion that the Muslims must get out of the city of Medina and welcome
the Quraysh polytheists with battle, as well as proof that they are not
cowards.
So Rasulullah accepted the proposal
and immediately called on the Muslims to get ready to fight the polytheists of
Quraysh. As a sign of his readiness, Rasulullah used armor and carried weapons.
The friends who rather forced
Rasulullah to leave the city of Medina feel a little reluctant and regret for
having urged Rasulullah. But Rasulullah answered emphatically, "Abstinence
for a Prophet who has put on a armor to release it again until the provisions
of Allah are established between him and his enemy".
But in the middle of the journey
when the enemy got closer and they could see each other, Abdullah ibn Ubay
defected with 300 other people who also joined in retreating on the grounds
that war meant killing himself. He brought up the decision of Rasulullah who
agreed more with the opinions of people other than Abdullah ibn Ubay. Actually
the hypocrites only want chaos and confusion among the Muslim forces and this
almost happens. But God has strengthened their hearts to fight spirit.
Surah Ali Imran verse 122:
إِذۡ
هَمَّت طَّآئِفَتَانِ مِنكُمۡ أَن تَفۡشَلَا وَٱللَّهُ وَلِيُّهُمَاۗ وَعَلَى ٱللَّهِ
فَلۡيَتَوَكَّلِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ ١٢٢
122. When two parties among you were about to lose
courage, but Allah was their ally; and upon Allah the believers should rely.
Whereas Allah SWT said about
hypocrites in Surah Ali Imran verse 167:
وَلِيَعۡلَمَ
ٱلَّذِينَ نَافَقُواْۚ وَقِيلَ لَهُمۡ تَعَالَوۡاْ قَٰتِلُواْ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ
أَوِ ٱدۡفَعُواْۖ قَالُواْ لَوۡ نَعۡلَمُ قِتَالٗا لَّٱتَّبَعۡنَٰكُمۡۗ هُمۡ لِلۡكُفۡرِ
يَوۡمَئِذٍ أَقۡرَبُ مِنۡهُمۡ لِلۡإِيمَٰنِۚ يَقُولُونَ بِأَفۡوَٰهِهِم مَّا
لَيۡسَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمۡۚ وَٱللَّهُ أَعۡلَمُ بِمَا يَكۡتُمُونَ ١٦٧
167. And that He might make evident those who are
hypocrites. For it was said to them, "Come, fight in the way of Allah or
[at least] defend." They said, "If we had known [there would be]
fighting, we would have followed you." They were nearer to disbelief that
day than to faith, saying with their mouths what was not in their hearts. And
Allah is most Knowing of what they conceal -
So there were only 700 people from
Rasulullah who continued their journey to Mount Uhud. When he arrived at Uhud,
Rasulullah prepared his troops. He ordered 50 archers led by Abdullah ibn Jubair
Al Ansari to be on a small hill which is now known as Jabal Rumaat (Archers
Hill), located about 500 meters from the main headquarters of the Muslims. That
way they can protect the Muslims and prevent the enemy from intending to attack
from behind them. Rasulullah ordered that they not come down under any
conditions before receiving orders from him. While the right wing of the Muslim
army was led by Mundzir ibn Amr and the left wing was led by Zubair ibn Awwam.
The soldiers who are known to be strong and brave are at the forefront. Muslim
troops were ready to fight on Saturday morning, 7 Syawwal 3 Hijriah.
Meanwhile, the Quraysh polytheists
were arranged in line with Abu Sufyan as the chief commander, Khalid ibn Walid
led the right wing, and Ikrimah ibn Abu Jahal led the left wing. Women led by
Hindun bint Utbah also helped encourage the polytheists.
The following are important events
at the Battle of Uhud.
§ Hamzah ibn Abdul
Muttalib, the lion of God, was killed by Wahsyi with a spear throw.
§ When the polyhteists
troops left the battle because of being pushed by Muslim forces, 40 out of 50
archers immediately descended from the hill to take the spoils of war without
an order from Rasulullah. Khalid ibn Walid who saw them immediately turned
around and attacked the Muslim forces from behind. Muslim forces became chaotic
and suffered defeat.
§ Rasulullah was injured
and was considered dead by the polytheists. But he was still alive and returned
safely with the remaining Muslim troops.
This defeat is a test and lesson
for the Muslims. But they continue to be passionate in upholding the religion
of God to achieve real victory.
Presented By
(Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated Fortress)
Reference:
·
Mubarakfuri,
Syekh Shafiyyur-Rahman, and Haidir, Abdullah (Translator). 2005. Sejarah Hidup dan Perjuangan Rasulullah.
Riyadh: Kantor Dakwah dan Bimbingan bagi Pendatang Al-Sulay.
·
Abu
Muhammad Abdul Malik bin Hisyam Al-Muafiri. Sirah
Nabawiyah Ibnu Hisyam. 2000. Jakarta Timur: Darul Falah.
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