Wednesday, April 10, 2019

THE STORY OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD - Post-Battle of Badr and its Impact

Badr War Map
Object Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ry_vKTvWxq4

The Battle of Badr took place on Friday morning, the 17th of Ramadan in year 2 Hijri. Muslim forces led by Rasulullah with the strength of 314 people against the Quraysh polytheistic forces led by Abu Jahal with the strength of 1000 people. The Muslim forces who received help from Allah in the form of an angel army succeeded in defeating the polytheists. Abu Jahal was killed and other Quraysh figures were killed. There were 70 polytheists who were killed and 70 others became prisoners. On the Muslim side, 14 people were martyred.

After the victory of the Muslims was in their hands, in the afternoon they collected the bodies of Quraish and made a large well to bury them. At night, Prophet Muhammad and his companions were taking care of the ghanimah (war booty) and guarding the prisoners. Then he contemplated the help from Allah to the Muslims with such a small amount that it could defeat the polytheists who were numerous but without faith. At that time, the friends heard him say, "O dwellers of the well! O ‘Utba ibn Rabi'ah, Syaiba ibn Rabi'ah, Umayyah ibn Khalaf, Abu Jahal ibn Hisham, ..." and so on the names of the people in the jade. "O residents of the well! What is promised by your god really exists. I have met what my Lord has promised ".

The companions asked, "O Messenger of Allah, why speak with those who have died?"

He replied, "What I say, they listen more than you. But they cannot answer".

Then Prophet Muhammad looked at the face of Abu Hudhaifah ibn ‘Utbah, whose father was killed as polytheist. He looks sad.

Rasulullah asked, "Maybe there is something in your heart about your father, Abu Hudhaifah?"

Abu Hudhaifa replied, "Not once, Rasulullah. About father, I don't doubt anymore, also about his death. It's just that I know that his mind is good, wise, and meritorious. So I really hope that he will get a clue to being a Muslim. But after I saw what happened and also remembered that he used to live in disbelief, after what was further I expected from him, that made me sad".

Then Prophet Muhammad made a good mention of Utbah and prayed for his kindness.

Elsewhere, residents of Mecca learned of the defeat of the Quraish infidels forces in the battle of Badr so that they felt deep sadness. But they are forbidden to mourn the death of their relatives or family members who were killed in the battle of Badr so that the Muslims do not rejoice in their sadness.

There is a unique story in this matter. There was an old man named Al Aswad ibn Al Muttalib whose three childrens died of war and he wanted to show the sadness he had felt for days. But because he was banned from mourning, he tried to hold back in his heart. Until one day a woman's wailing came. So the person told his slave to investigate whether he could mourn the death of family members. Then it was discovered that the woman was lamenting her lost camel.

After the war, Prophet Muhammad was still in Badr for three days. At that time there was a dispute in the Muslim forces about the war ghanimah (war booty). Because there are some friends who directly confront the enemy and collect the Ghanimah, and others guard and protect Prophet Muhammad so that he does not gather anything. So Prophet Muhammad requested that all the Ghanimah be collected. Then Allah's revelation concerning this matter in the Surah Al-Anfal verse 1:

يَسۡ‍َٔلُونَكَ عَنِ ٱلۡأَنفَالِۖ قُلِ ٱلۡأَنفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَٱلرَّسُولِۖ فَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَأَصۡلِحُواْ ذَاتَ بَيۡنِكُمۡۖ وَأَطِيعُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥٓ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤۡمِنِينَ  ١

1.  They ask you, [O Muhammad], about the bounties [of war]. Say, "The [decision concerning] bounties is for Allah and the Messenger." So fear Allah and amend that which is between you and obey Allah and His Messenger, if you should be believers.

Rasulullah sent Abdullah ibn Rawahah and Zaid ibn Harith as the messenger of good news to Medina about the victory of the Muslims. Abdullah ibn Ka'ab was assigned to guard the spoils of war. Then, Rasulullah and his Muslim army returned to Medina with the ghanimah and prisoners of war. In the midst of the journey of the spoils of war that had previously been gathered to Rasulullah and then divided equally to his troops after previously taken a fifth for the Prophet.

Surah Al Anfal verse 41:

۞وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّمَا غَنِمۡتُم مِّن شَيۡءٖ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُۥ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ إِن كُنتُمۡ ءَامَنتُم بِٱللَّهِ وَمَآ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَىٰ عَبۡدِنَا يَوۡمَ ٱلۡفُرۡقَانِ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡتَقَى ٱلۡجَمۡعَانِۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٌ  ٤١

41.  And know that anything you obtain of war booty - then indeed, for Allah is one fifth of it and for the Messenger and for [his] near relatives and the orphans, the needy, and the [stranded] traveler, if you have believed in Allah and in that which We sent down to Our Servant on the day of criterion - the day when the two armies met. And Allah, over all things, is competent.

It is said that Jews and hypocrites had spread the false news that the Prophet had died. Truly a hypocrite saw Zaid ibn Harith riding the camel of Rasulullah, namely Al Qaswa. After the two messengers told the real news about the victory of the Muslims, the Muslim population of Medina was happy. Usamah ibn Zaid said, "The news of the victory of the Muslims reached us, after we finished leveling the land of the grave of Ruqayyah bint Rasulullah, the wife of Uthman ibn Affan. Because Rasulullah ordered me to replace him to look after his daughter with Uthman ibn Affan".

Arriving in Medina, the Muslim population of Medina welcomed the Muslim army with great fanfare. On the other hand, the victory of Muslims made the enemies of Islam in Medina and surrounding areas fearful of the Muslim power. So many of the residents of Medina who converted to Islam. One of them is Abdullah ibn Ubay. He and his friends declared Islam even though it was only outside (hypocritical). Rasulullah advised the companions that the prisoners of war from Quraysh polytheists be treated well.

About what will be done to prisoners of war, Rasulullah asked for the opinion of Abu Bakr and Umar ibn Khattab. Abu Bakr argued that they gave a ransom so that they would be free, while Umar argued that they should be killed. So Rasulullah was more inclined to choose the opinion of Abu Bakr.

So each prisoner was ordered to pay four thousand dirhams as a ransom, while those who did not have wealth could redeem themselves by teaching literacy to the Muslims to be able.

But Allah gave a decision in accordance with Umar's statement. The next day, Allah SWT sent down the verse which rebuked Rasulullah's decision in Surah Al Anfal verse 67-68:

مَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَن يَكُونَ لَهُۥٓ أَسۡرَىٰ حَتَّىٰ يُثۡخِنَ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ تُرِيدُونَ عَرَضَ ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَٱللَّهُ يُرِيدُ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةَۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٞ  ٦٧ لَّوۡلَا كِتَٰبٞ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ سَبَقَ لَمَسَّكُمۡ فِيمَآ أَخَذۡتُمۡ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٞ  ٦٨

67.  It is not for a prophet to have captives [of war] until he inflicts a massacre [upon Allah 's enemies] in the land. Some Muslims desire the commodities of this world, but Allah desires [for you] the Hereafter. And Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise.
68.  If not for a decree from Allah that preceded, you would have been touched for what you took by a great punishment.

The story of the Badr war is told a lot by Allah SWT in the Surah Al Anfal.

The victory of the Muslims gave rise to hostility from various circles.

1.      The idolaters of Mecca expressed their readiness openly to avenge their defeat at the Battle of Badr.
2.      The Jews openly showed hatred towards the Muslims even though they were bound by an agreement with the Muslims.
3.      The hypocrites, namely those who pretend to convert to Islam even though in their hearts they hate and are hostile to Islam. They are no less dangerous than others.
4.      Bedouin community groups that have not yet converted to Islam. They were worried about the victory of Islam which made them unable to loot merchandise from merchants who passed their villages.

Presented by



(Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated Fortress)


Reference:
·         Mubarakfuri, Syekh Shafiyyur-Rahman, and Haidir, Abdullah (Translator). 2005. Sejarah Hidup dan Perjuangan Rasulullah. Riyadh: Kantor Dakwah dan Bimbingan bagi Pendatang Al-Sulay.
·         Haekal, Muhammad Husain, and Audah, Ali (Translator). Sejarah Hidup Muhammad.
·         Al-Mubarakfuriyy, Syeikh Safy Al-Rahman. Seerah Nabawiyyah, Al-Raheeq Al-Makhtum.
·         Abu Muhammad Abdul Malik bin Hisyam Al-Muafiri. Sirah Nabawiyah Ibnu Hisyam. 2000. Jakarta Timur: Darul Falah.


No comments:

Post a Comment

BETTERPAD-RAY MOCKUP - Materiaal van de muur van de Shahada-moskee (Masjid Syahadat)

"Sorry If There Is A Deficiency / Error In Translation From Indonesian To Related Languages, Because It Only Uses Google Translate"...

Popular posts