Monday, April 22, 2019

THE STORY OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD - During the Battle of Uhud

Mount Uhud
Object Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f0Otvzv4eF8

Map of Mount Uhud and Medina Now
(Google Maps)

The Battle of Uhud is a war between Muslim forces against the polytheists (Quraysh) which occurred on Saturday, 7th of Syawwal in the 3rd year of Hijri. This war was revenge by the Quraysh polytheists after their defeat against the Muslim forces at the Battle of Badr.

The Quraysh polytheists had 3,000 soldiers led by Abu Sufyan ibn Harb as warlords. These numbers included their allies, such as Banu Kinanah and the Tihamah people. Right-wing cavalry led by Khalid ibn Walid and left-wing cavalry led by Ikrimah ibn Abu Jahal. Whereas Hindun binti Utbah, Abu Sufyan's wife, led women to encourage the polytheists.

While Prophet Muhammad formed an army as well as the main commander of the Muslim army to deal with the attacks of the polytheists. Initially he left with a thousand people. But in the middle of the trip, Abdullah ibn Ubay and three hundred people separated themselves from the Muslim army. They are hypocrites who do not want to die while fighting. Then there are 700 people in the Muslim army.

Then the two forces met at Uhud. Before the battle began, Prophet Muhammad advised his troops to continue to be patient and fight until the last drop of blood. Then he held the sword and said, "Who wants to take this sword and fulfill its rights?".

Some people scramble to get it, until someone named Abu Dujanah says, "What is the right of the sword, Rasulullah?"

"You must cut the face of the enemy with this sword until they submit!" Said Prophet Muhammad.

Abu Dujana said, "I will fulfill the sword's right, Rasulullah".

So Abu Dujana received the sword. He is indeed known as a brave man. If the anger has arisen, then he will wear a red headband on his head. That way, people know that he will fight to the death. After he carried the sword and put on a red headband on his head, he walked between the lines with pride. At that time Rasulullah said, "Indeed, the way the road is hated by Allah, except in conditions like this".

Like during the Battle of Badr, this battle began with a match duel. At that time Talhah ibn Abi Talhah Al Abdari from the polytheists forces challenged the duel of Muslim forces. He was known as the bravest of the Quraysh. Then from the Muslim army, Zubair ibn Awwam came out who immediately jumped like a lion. He managed to make the Talhah fall down and die in a short time.

Rasulullah and his army uttered takbir when they saw Zubair's victory. He said, "Indeed, every prophet has a loyal following. My loyal follower is Zubair ".

After that, the real war began between the two sides. Initially Muslim forces were able to surpass opponents, even though they were few in number. The banner holders of the polytheists were killed one by one because they were attacked by the weapons of the Muslim army, until the banner fell and no one held it back.

Abu Dujanah, who held the sword of Rasulullah, continued to slash at the enemy who was blocking him until they were killed. Hamzah ibn Abdul Muttalib also continued to attack the polytheists like a hungry lion. The enemy did not think that this could happen. Muslim archers also had a major influence on the superiority of the Muslims. They can hold the movements of the polytheists by shooting their arrows from the top of the hill.

But bad things happen to Muslim forces. Hamzah ibn Abdul Muttalib was killed by a black slave named Wahsyi who was specifically ordered by his employer named Jubair ibn Al Mut'im to kill him with a gift that he would be freed. He killed Hamzah by throwing a spear in the Abyssinia style. But the Muslim forces continued to fight until the polytheists forces were pressed and many were killed. So the polytheists began to leave the battle.

Muslim troops began to collect the spoils of war (ghanimah). However, 40 of the 50 archery troops also descended from the hill to gather the Ghanimah without an order from Rasulullah. Even though Rasulullah had ordered that they not come down from the hill before receiving orders from him. The leader of the archers, Abdullah ibn Jubair did not come down and actually he had warned his troops not to go down. But some of them have been tempted by wealth.

Khalid ibn Walid who witnessed it immediately walked around with his troops to be behind the Muslim forces. They immediately finished off the archers and then attacked the Muslim forces from behind by shouting loudly. The polytheists who heard him rose again to invade the Muslim army. Then the Muslim forces were besieged from the front and back. Then the Muslim forces pressed and ran.

At that time Rasulullah was surrounded by friends who numbered nine in the back row of Muslim forces. Rasulullah shouted, "O servants of Allah". Rasulullah already knew that his voice was heard first by the polytheists before the Muslim forces heard it. Then the polytheists immediately sought Rasulullah with the intention of killing him. At that time the issue appeared among Muslim forces that Rasulullah had died. Although there were some of them who surrendered, some of those who were optimistic continued to encourage them to continue invading the polytheists.

On the other hand, only Talhah ibn Ubaidillah and Sa'ad ibn Abi Waqash remained in defense to protect Rasulullah. Because of repeated attacks, Rasulullah also suffered wounds in the temples and jaw. He said, "How will a people survive if they have hurt their Prophet?".

At that time came the Word of God in the Surah Ali Imran verse 128:

لَيۡسَ لَكَ مِنَ ٱلۡأَمۡرِ شَيۡءٌ أَوۡ يَتُوبَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ أَوۡ يُعَذِّبَهُمۡ فَإِنَّهُمۡ ظَٰلِمُونَ  ١٢٨

128.  Not for you, [O Muhammad, but for Allah], is the decision whether He should [cut them down] or forgive them or punish them, for indeed, they are wrongdoers.

Rasulullah prayed, "O Allah, forgive my people, because they do not know".

Then, came a group of Muslim forces to protect Rasulullah. Among them were Mush'ab ibn Umair, Ali ibn Abi Talib, Sahl ibn Hanif, Malik ibn Sinan, Umar ibn Khattab, and Abu Talha. Mush'ab who risked his life was finally killed by Ibn Qami'ah who thought that Mush'ab was Rasulullah, because of his similar face. So Ibn Qami'ah shouted, "Really, Muhammad has been killed!"

Muslim forces panicked and the polytheists began to retreat. Rasulullah immediately sneaked between the Muslim forces and ordered them not to announce their existence so that the polytheists would not be known. Muslim forces retreated regularly and took refuge in the cracks of Mount Uhud. The polytheists were still trying to invade, but Muslim forces managed to overcome it. So Rasulullah and the Muslim army survived their attack. The polytheists began to stop and prepared to return to Mecca. But the polytheists had damaged the bodies of Muslim troops. Even Hindun binti Utbah slashed Hamzah's body to take his heart. When he tried to chew it, he was unable to do it and vomited again. Rasulullah was sad when he saw Hamzah, his uncle, had died in severe conditions. He was angry and wanted to take revenge. Then Allah warned him to be steadfast. So Rasulullah forgave them and remained steadfast in the face of disaster.

Surah An-Nahl verses 126-127:

وَإِنۡ عَاقَبۡتُمۡ فَعَاقِبُواْ بِمِثۡلِ مَا عُوقِبۡتُم بِهِۦۖ وَلَئِن صَبَرۡتُمۡ لَهُوَ خَيۡرٞ لِّلصَّٰبِرِينَ  ١٢٦ وَٱصۡبِرۡ وَمَا صَبۡرُكَ إِلَّا بِٱللَّهِۚ وَلَا تَحۡزَنۡ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا تَكُ فِي ضَيۡقٖ مِّمَّا يَمۡكُرُونَ  ١٢٧

126.  And if you punish [an enemy, O believers], punish with an equivalent of that with which you were harmed. But if you are patient - it is better for those who are patient.
127.  And be patient, [O Muhammad], and your patience is not but through Allah. And do not grieve over them and do not be in distress over what they conspire.

The number of Muslims who died were as many as 70 people and they were buried in their clothes in that place without being bathed as ordered by Rasulullah. Then the Muslim forces returned to Medina. Despite feeling sad, the Muslims remain grateful because Rasulullah is still alive.

This is indeed not the end of the struggle of the Muslims. Because this is a lesson for the Muslims to keep trying until finally Islam is accepted by the people of Mecca, the Arabs, and spread throughout the world.

Presented by



(Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated Fortress) 

Reference:
·         Mubarakfuri, Syekh Shafiyyur-Rahman, and Haidir, Abdullah (Translator). 2005. Sejarah Hidup dan Perjuangan Rasulullah. Riyadh: Kantor Dakwah dan Bimbingan bagi Pendatang Al-Sulay.
·         Haekal, Muhammad Husain, and Audah, Ali (Translator). Sejarah Hidup Muhammad.
·         Abu Muhammad Abdul Malik bin Hisyam Al-Muafiri. Sirah Nabawiyah Ibnu Hisyam. 2000. Jakarta Timur: Darul Falah.


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