Mount Uhud
Object Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f0Otvzv4eF8
Map of Mount Uhud and Medina Now
(Google Maps)
The Battle of Uhud is a war between
Muslim forces against the polytheists (Quraysh) which occurred on Saturday, 7th
of Syawwal in the 3rd year of Hijri. This war was revenge by the Quraysh
polytheists after their defeat against the Muslim forces at the Battle of Badr.
The Quraysh polytheists had 3,000
soldiers led by Abu Sufyan ibn Harb as warlords. These numbers included their
allies, such as Banu Kinanah and the Tihamah people. Right-wing cavalry led by
Khalid ibn Walid and left-wing cavalry led by Ikrimah ibn Abu Jahal. Whereas
Hindun binti Utbah, Abu Sufyan's wife, led women to encourage the polytheists.
While Prophet Muhammad formed an
army as well as the main commander of the Muslim army to deal with the attacks
of the polytheists. Initially he left with a thousand people. But in the middle
of the trip, Abdullah ibn Ubay and three hundred people separated themselves
from the Muslim army. They are hypocrites who do not want to die while
fighting. Then there are 700 people in the Muslim army.
Then the two forces met at Uhud.
Before the battle began, Prophet Muhammad advised his troops to continue to be
patient and fight until the last drop of blood. Then he held the sword and
said, "Who wants to take this sword and fulfill its rights?".
Some people scramble to get it,
until someone named Abu Dujanah says, "What is the right of the sword,
Rasulullah?"
"You must cut the face of the
enemy with this sword until they submit!" Said Prophet Muhammad.
Abu Dujana said, "I will fulfill
the sword's right, Rasulullah".
So Abu Dujana received the sword.
He is indeed known as a brave man. If the anger has arisen, then he will wear a
red headband on his head. That way, people know that he will fight to the
death. After he carried the sword and put on a red headband on his head, he
walked between the lines with pride. At that time Rasulullah said,
"Indeed, the way the road is hated by Allah, except in conditions like
this".
Like during the Battle of Badr,
this battle began with a match duel. At that time Talhah ibn Abi Talhah Al
Abdari from the polytheists forces challenged the duel of Muslim forces. He was
known as the bravest of the Quraysh. Then from the Muslim army, Zubair ibn
Awwam came out who immediately jumped like a lion. He managed to make the
Talhah fall down and die in a short time.
Rasulullah and his army uttered
takbir when they saw Zubair's victory. He said, "Indeed, every prophet has
a loyal following. My loyal follower is Zubair ".
After that, the real war began
between the two sides. Initially Muslim forces were able to surpass opponents,
even though they were few in number. The banner holders of the polytheists were
killed one by one because they were attacked by the weapons of the Muslim army,
until the banner fell and no one held it back.
Abu Dujanah, who held the sword of
Rasulullah, continued to slash at the enemy who was blocking him until they
were killed. Hamzah ibn Abdul Muttalib also continued to attack the polytheists
like a hungry lion. The enemy did not think that this could happen. Muslim
archers also had a major influence on the superiority of the Muslims. They can
hold the movements of the polytheists by shooting their arrows from the top of
the hill.
But bad things happen to Muslim
forces. Hamzah ibn Abdul Muttalib was killed by a black slave named Wahsyi who
was specifically ordered by his employer named Jubair ibn Al Mut'im to kill him
with a gift that he would be freed. He killed Hamzah by throwing a spear in the
Abyssinia style. But the Muslim forces continued to fight until the polytheists
forces were pressed and many were killed. So the polytheists began to leave the
battle.
Muslim troops began to collect the
spoils of war (ghanimah). However, 40 of the 50 archery troops also descended
from the hill to gather the Ghanimah without an order from Rasulullah. Even
though Rasulullah had ordered that they not come down from the hill before
receiving orders from him. The leader of the archers, Abdullah ibn Jubair did
not come down and actually he had warned his troops not to go down. But some of
them have been tempted by wealth.
Khalid ibn Walid who witnessed it
immediately walked around with his troops to be behind the Muslim forces. They
immediately finished off the archers and then attacked the Muslim forces from
behind by shouting loudly. The polytheists who heard him rose again to invade
the Muslim army. Then the Muslim forces were besieged from the front and back.
Then the Muslim forces pressed and ran.
At that time Rasulullah was
surrounded by friends who numbered nine in the back row of Muslim forces.
Rasulullah shouted, "O servants of Allah". Rasulullah already knew
that his voice was heard first by the polytheists before the Muslim forces
heard it. Then the polytheists immediately sought Rasulullah with the intention
of killing him. At that time the issue appeared among Muslim forces that
Rasulullah had died. Although there were some of them who surrendered, some of
those who were optimistic continued to encourage them to continue invading the
polytheists.
On the other hand, only Talhah ibn
Ubaidillah and Sa'ad ibn Abi Waqash remained in defense to protect Rasulullah.
Because of repeated attacks, Rasulullah also suffered wounds in the temples and
jaw. He said, "How will a people survive if they have hurt their
Prophet?".
At that time came the Word of God
in the Surah Ali Imran verse 128:
لَيۡسَ
لَكَ مِنَ ٱلۡأَمۡرِ شَيۡءٌ أَوۡ يَتُوبَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ أَوۡ يُعَذِّبَهُمۡ
فَإِنَّهُمۡ ظَٰلِمُونَ ١٢٨
128. Not for you, [O Muhammad, but for Allah], is
the decision whether He should [cut them down] or forgive them or punish them,
for indeed, they are wrongdoers.
Rasulullah prayed, "O Allah,
forgive my people, because they do not know".
Then, came a group of Muslim forces
to protect Rasulullah. Among them were Mush'ab ibn Umair, Ali ibn Abi Talib,
Sahl ibn Hanif, Malik ibn Sinan, Umar ibn Khattab, and Abu Talha. Mush'ab who
risked his life was finally killed by Ibn Qami'ah who thought that Mush'ab was
Rasulullah, because of his similar face. So Ibn Qami'ah shouted, "Really,
Muhammad has been killed!"
Muslim forces panicked and the
polytheists began to retreat. Rasulullah immediately sneaked between the Muslim
forces and ordered them not to announce their existence so that the polytheists
would not be known. Muslim forces retreated regularly and took refuge in the
cracks of Mount Uhud. The polytheists were still trying to invade, but Muslim
forces managed to overcome it. So Rasulullah and the Muslim army survived their
attack. The polytheists began to stop and prepared to return to Mecca. But the
polytheists had damaged the bodies of Muslim troops. Even Hindun binti Utbah
slashed Hamzah's body to take his heart. When he tried to chew it, he was
unable to do it and vomited again. Rasulullah was sad when he saw Hamzah, his uncle,
had died in severe conditions. He was angry and wanted to take revenge. Then
Allah warned him to be steadfast. So Rasulullah forgave them and remained
steadfast in the face of disaster.
Surah An-Nahl verses 126-127:
وَإِنۡ
عَاقَبۡتُمۡ فَعَاقِبُواْ بِمِثۡلِ مَا عُوقِبۡتُم بِهِۦۖ وَلَئِن صَبَرۡتُمۡ
لَهُوَ خَيۡرٞ لِّلصَّٰبِرِينَ ١٢٦ وَٱصۡبِرۡ
وَمَا صَبۡرُكَ إِلَّا بِٱللَّهِۚ وَلَا تَحۡزَنۡ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا تَكُ فِي
ضَيۡقٖ مِّمَّا يَمۡكُرُونَ ١٢٧
126. And if you punish
[an enemy, O believers], punish with an equivalent of that with which you were
harmed. But if you are patient - it is better for those who are patient.
127. And be patient, [O Muhammad], and your
patience is not but through Allah. And do not grieve over them and do not be in
distress over what they conspire.
The number of Muslims who died were
as many as 70 people and they were buried in their clothes in that place
without being bathed as ordered by Rasulullah. Then the Muslim forces returned
to Medina. Despite feeling sad, the Muslims remain grateful because Rasulullah
is still alive.
This is indeed not the end of the
struggle of the Muslims. Because this is a lesson for the Muslims to keep
trying until finally Islam is accepted by the people of Mecca, the Arabs, and
spread throughout the world.
Reference:
·
Mubarakfuri,
Syekh Shafiyyur-Rahman, and Haidir, Abdullah (Translator). 2005. Sejarah Hidup dan Perjuangan Rasulullah.
Riyadh: Kantor Dakwah dan Bimbingan bagi Pendatang Al-Sulay.
·
Haekal,
Muhammad Husain, and Audah, Ali (Translator). Sejarah Hidup Muhammad.
·
Abu
Muhammad Abdul Malik bin Hisyam Al-Muafiri. Sirah
Nabawiyah Ibnu Hisyam. 2000. Jakarta Timur: Darul Falah.
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