Concrete is a building component that functions to press. If the load on it is heavier then it is very possible to flex when the concrete is installed as a horizontal beam and will bend if installed vertically. The flexing and bending received by the concrete certainly cannot be restrained, because the concrete is rigid or not elastic so it needs to be given an iron frame. With this combination, reinforced concrete can function as a channel for the load on it.
Concrete is made from a combination
of natural materials which are stirred with certain compositions in order to
obtain the desired compressive strength. Natural materials for concrete are
sand, cement, split rock and water. Reinforced concrete commonly used for
simple buildings has a comparison of materials, namely 1 part cement, 2 parts
sand, and 3 parts split rock mixed with water. Portland cement is a type that
is often used. The strength of concrete can be expressed by K followed by the
figure behind it, for example K100, K125, K200, K250, and so on. That is,
concrete can withstand certain loads in an area size expressed in units of
kg/cm3. For example, the K200 means that concrete can withstand a
load of 200 kg/cm3.
In addition to strength figures,
another factor that needs to be considered is the thickness of concrete. For
example, there are structures that require soft or runny concrete, and there
are also those that require rather hard or thick concrete.
In simple buildings, there are three
types of reinforced concrete in terms of position, namely sloof, column and
beam ring. There are also other types of reinforced concrete in buildings that
are more complicated, for example for stairs and terraced floors. The following
are the types of reinforced concrete based on their position.
a. Sloof, namely reinforced concrete which is placed horizontally
on the foundation. The point is to level the load that works against the
foundation and binder of the lower structure of the base of the column. Sloof
length is the same as foundation. The size of the sloof depends on the type of
building. For one-story buildings, 15 cm wide and 20 cm high.
b. Concrete column or concrete pole, which is part of the upper
structure placed vertically. The concrete column serves as a binder for the
brick wall pairs and the successor of the load from top to foundation. The
distance between the concrete columns is 3-4 m. The size can be adjusted to the
load received, usually the same as the width of the brick, with four pieces of
iron reinforcement with a diameter of 10 mm. The iron rings used are 6-8 mm in
diameter with a distance between rings 15-20 cm. In multi-storey buildings, the
distance between columns can reach 4-5 meters with a larger column size, around
20 x 25 cm, with six reinforced iron 12 mm diameter with a distance between
rings 15-20 cm.
c. Ring beam is part of the structure that is located above the
masonry. Ring beams serve as a pedestal for roof construction and a brick wall
pair at the top. Beveled ring beams (on the gable) can be used as footing.
d. Beams are part of the upper structure for floor holders and
upper column binders. The beam functions as a horizontal reinforcement frame of
the building that will get a load bearing. In the beam, there is a middle area
that flexes (called the field) and the end area that holds the support (called
support). The field area holds the load from above, so it can curve downward
and can be overcome by increasing the amount of iron in this area. While the
top of the pedestal will experience a withdrawal so that it needs more iron.
e. Concrete plates, can function as floors in multi-storey
buildings or roofs (for flat roofs). The end of the concrete plate is bound by
a beam as its support. The minimum thickness of the concrete plate for the
floor is 12 cm, while the minimum thickness of the concrete plate for the roof
is 8 cm. Concrete plates can also be used for roof terrace or ground floor in
industrial buildings or factories because they withstand heavy loads.
God willing, if it can be realized,
the construction of the Shahada Mosque (Masjid Syahadat) from the Betterpad-Ray
(Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated Fortress) model must pay attention to
the strength of the reinforced concrete seriously. In essence, so that the
building is strong and can stand firm so that it is safe for visitors.
Materials for reinforced concrete must be in accordance with accurate
calculations, should not be reduced. In addition, the quality of materials is
also important to note. The concrete used for buildings including the Shahada
Mosque is class 2 concrete used for structural work and for this design uses a
large force of pressure due to the large size of the mosque, for example K200
or K225. In addition to class 2, there is class 1 concrete for non-structural
(without reinforcement) work and grade 3 concrete of quality above K225 for
heavy loads such as overpasses or bridges.
Reinforced concrete can also provide
an element of art and beauty in buildings, especially the design of the Shahada
Mosque. Concrete columns for multi-storey floors are generally larger than the
width of the brick walls so that they stand out from the outside. With a
vertical position and the same distance between columns, it can be beautiful.
Especially if given a contrasting color with the color of the wall. For example
if the wall is yellow, then the appearance of the concrete column can be green,
the color that is suitable for the Shahada Mosque. The Shahada Mosque also has
stairs that also use reinforced concrete. Stairs must also be designed
beautifully and strong so that it is comfortable for visitors.
This is the article from me.
Hopefully the design of the Shahadt Mosque (Masjid Syahadat), which is part of
the Betterpad-Ray (Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated Fortress) model, can
inspire and be realized. Aamiin.
Reference:
·
Susanta,
Gatut, and friends. Membangun Masjid & Mushola. 2007. Depok: Penebar
Swadaya. (https://archive.org/stream/BukuArsitektur/1048_Membangun%20Masjid%20dan%20Mushola#mode/2up)
Pendapa Peradaban (Civilization Pavilion)
(Architecture Hobby)
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