Natural light provides an important
role in humans in terms of comfort. The role is not only inside buildings, but
also outside the building. At least there are two types of comfort that are
influenced by natural light in humans, namely visual comfort and thermal
comfort. In terms of visual comfort and convenience, the design approach plays
an important role. Light and heat from the sun can be managed by directing,
reducing, reflecting, or in other ways.
Visual comfort is something that makes
humans able to see or access visual information without making it difficult or
disturbing the sense of sight. Dark or dim visual conditions will cause
discomfort to the senses of vision and this will make people difficult or
unable to see the surrounding situation properly. Conversely, the excessive
level of light from natural light will also cause discomfort in the sense of
sight. If you see the light is too bright for a long time it can damage the
eyes or maybe when you switch to seeing a darker place it will be difficult to
see for a while. Lack and excess light also make the human eye become tired.
This fatigue can have an adverse effect on humans. Therefore, good lighting is
needed so that people can see and do work comfortably.
While thermal comfort is convenience
because of the heat energy that accompanies sunlight. Heat energy, both
directly and indirectly into the room can cause room temperature to increase.
The heat trapped indoors will cause discomfort to the human body inside. The
room is uncomfortable because of the temperature factor caused by the absence
of good design considerations in reducing the heat generated by sunlight and
the lack of air ventilation. But heat energy is also needed in certain
conditions, especially to create a warm room during the winter. In this case
the design that is realized must be in accordance with the needs of comfort, in
addition to considering aesthetic factors. Sunlight and heat energy must be
able to be used properly and optimally according to the needs and activities in
the room.
The Betterpad-Ray (Benteng Terpadu
Raya / Great Integrated Fortress "Mural Wall") maquette/model/mockup is a complex design of buildings that
will utilize sunlight as natural lighting that provides comfort for humans. The
building that is perhaps the most distinctive and the center of attention at
Betterpad-Ray is pendapa (pavilion) in the middle called Pendapa Peradaban
(Civilization Pavilion). This pavilion is a building in the form of a hall that
is usually used for certain events and gathering places that utilize natural
lighting from sunlight according to traditional architecture. Buildings that
are supported by poles without a cover wall make sunlight during the day able
to enter the building so that it can illuminate inside without turning on the
lights. The height poles and height of the building make a lot of sunlight that
can enter into it. With the existence of the roof and the breadth of the room,
the incoming light remains in accordance with the needs in it, meaning that it
does not dazzle the eyes or not too dark, so that activities carried out in
pendapa can be done safely and comfortably. Although sunlight easily enters,
but the open space actually makes the temperature inside cool when it's hot in
the tropical climate due to smooth air circulation. This is one of the
greatness of the pendapa works of the Indonesian people long ago.
In addition to the Pendapa Peradaban
(Civilization Pavilion), the Betterpad-Ray Mockup has a variety of buildings
that will utilize natural light well to provide comfort. For example the
Shahada Mosque (Masjid Syahadat) which has a lot of glass and windows and a
Betterpad-Ray Main Building which is formed with empty areas in the middle so
that all parts are exposed to sunlight such as office buildings or western-style
buildings in general. And because it has used air vents, there is no need to
use an air conditioner. Air vents and glass windows that can be opened have
made the air cooler in the tropical climate but the heat of the sun can also
provide warmth to the body especially for people who have been indoors in the
morning until noon or evening.
Shahada Mosque (Masjid Syahadat)
Civilization Pavilion (Pendapa Peradaban)
Betterpad-Ray Main Building
This is the explanation of the
article about the Betterpad-Ray (Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated
Fortress) model design. God willing, it can be realized. Aamiin.
Reference:
·
Manurung,
Parmonangan. Pencahayaan Alami dalam Arsitektur. 2012. Yogyakarta: ANDI.
(https://archive.org/stream/BukuArsitektur/1713_Pencahayaan%20Alami%20dalam%20Arsitektur#mode/2up)
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