Each type of work in the building
has a different method of calculating sizes, according to the shape. Basically
the basic formula used in buildings remains the same as mathematical formulas
in general, such as measurements of area, circumference, and volume. For the
number of units calculated by pieces or units consisting of material sets that
have become one unit.
God willing, if the design of the
Shahada Mosque (Masjid Syahadat), which is part of the Betterpad-Ray maquette/model/mockup
(Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated Fortress "Mural Wall"), can
be realized, then measuring the size is important in proper planning and
development.
There are several ways to calculate
the size of each type of work. Broadly speaking, the calculation method is as
follows.
§
Size of work that has an area and thickness or has a cross section and
length calculated using m3 units. For example, in stone masonry (rivers stone),
brick pairs (also can m2), trestle, and frames.
The foundation is the most important
thing in a building, because the foundation supports the building above it to
remain sturdy. Excavation of foundation land must be measured in volume
quantities to obtain the right size in order to support the building with a
strong and durable. Sand and soil storage and floor elevation are measured by
volume to determine the exact amount of sand and soil needs. It is recommended
that the supply of sand and soil be exceeded from the calculation results,
because the rest can be used for reserves or other work.
Reinforced concrete work is what
forms the structure or shape of a building as a frame. The size of reinforced
concrete is measured by volume and usually the width for this work is almost
the same for each building, especially simple buildings. This reinforced
concrete width is adjusted to the needs and strength needed. To determine the
width of the reinforced concrete, you must select the appropriate size of the
iron ring. Concrete work floor, although it tends to expand, but thickness is
important even though it is only about 5 cm. So the size of working concrete is
calculated by the volume.
Frames for doors and windows are
also calculated by the amount of volume, at least to know the strength needed
because the sills also hold the load from the wall.
§
Size of work
that has only a relatively
thin area and thickness is calculated using units of m2. Examples are
plastering work, floor pairs, ceiling pairs, roof pairs, and painting.
When planning or planning to build a
building, the broadest size that is first calculated is the land to be cleared.
The land used is not only for buildings on top, but also for buildings, parks,
gazebos, ponds and so on. Each of these parts must also be measured in order to
be arranged properly and according to needs.The size of the wall or stucco
surface is calculated with a large amount. The amount of brick you want to use
can also be known by calculating the area of the wall you want to build,
usually the wall area has been reduced by the area of doors and windows. Brick
is installed with a "sleeping" position and takes the longest
position. So the thickness of the brick is the one that composes the height of
the wall and the length of the brick that composes the length of the wall. So
the wall thickness of a building is influenced by the width of the brick
surface. The thickness and length of the brick are roughly calculated to
determine the amount of brick needed for masonry on the wall.
Then as a complementary component,
ceramics are objects that can be installed on the floor and surface of the
wall. Ceramics sold have fixed sizes, for example 30 x 30 cm, 40 x 40 cm, 20 x
25 cm, and so on. The floor area that has been measured and planned can be a
reference to determine the amount of ceramics needed, just by dividing the
floor area with the width of ceramics per piece.
The ceiling in the building space is
also measured by the wide-scale size, both indoor ceiling and terrace.
The width of the door leaf and the
window leaf are adjusted to the needs. Most importantly, generally the size of
the door is greater than the size of the human body, both in length and width.
While the window size is basically as needed. If only so that light can enter,
then only small size and position above. If you can see the view outside the
building, it will be even bigger, about from the adult human waist to higher
than the adult human head (preferably at least 2 meters from the floor
surface). The size of air ventilation is also calculated based on its area.
Wide-scale quantities can also be
used to determine the number of caso, battens, tile roofs and the area of
painting.
§
The size of work
that tends to be elongated (the length is more dominant than its width) is
calculated using units of m. For example in roof frame, ceiling frame, pipe
installation, cable, and tile roof.
Although ceiling frame have a width
and thickness, but the length is a matter that must be calculated to fit the
lengths of the sides around the building or room. Whereas the width and
thickness of the roof frame and the ceiling frame tend to be elements of proportion,
propriety and aesthetics.
The roof ridge is the top side cover
of the roof, so that the total length is sufficiently measured.
§ Calculation
of the number of unit materials using units of piece size. For example lights,
power outlets, switches, hinges, locks,
toilets and water taps. The number of door and window components such as
hinges, locks, etc. is adjusted to the number of doors and windows that exist.
For example, for one door, three hinges are needed. Then the number of switches
is also adjusted to the number of lights. To save the number of switch places,
you should use a switch with two or three buttons, especially if there is more.
While the number of water taps is adjusted to the number of people there. For
places of ablution, especially the design of the Shahada Mosque (Masjid
Syahadat) in Betterpad-Ray, of course there must be a lot. The number of water
taps is also adjusted to the number of bathtubs available.
§
Calculation of
the number of unit materials consisting of several components of materials assembled into one using unit / units. For
example, kitchen or washing table, installation of clean water and dirty water,
lighting installation, electricity power point installation, and so on.
This is the article from me.
Hopefully the design of the Shahada Mosque (Masjid Syahadat), which is part of
the Betterpad-Ray (Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated Fortress) model, can
inspire and be realized. Aamiin. Sorry if there is an error especially in this
article.
Reference:
·
Susanta,
Gatut, and friends. Membangun Masjid & Mushola. 2007. Depok: Penebar
Swadaya. (https://archive.org/stream/BukuArsitektur/1048_Membangun%20Masjid%20dan%20Mushola#mode/2up)
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