Groundwater problems are identical
to surface water problems, namely regarding quantity and quality and other
impacts such as the occurrence of land subsidence.
The main challenges faced in
groundwater management in Indonesia are the limited water supply from surface
water sources, the high dependence on ground water for the supply of water, and
the rampant uptake of these water sources due to the increasing demand for
water from year to year, both for meeting community needs and public services
in offices, shopping, factories or industries, agriculture, mining, and in
various other places (Danaryanto et al., 2008a, amended as needed).
Clean water services through
Regional Water Companies (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum / PDAM in Indonesia)
implemented by the government have not been able to reach all regions. Whereas
the area where the community has been reached by the PDAM, it turns out that
not all of their clean water needs are 100% fulfilled so they tend to look for
other sources of clean water. Even some people do not want to subscribe to the
PDAM because they have to pay usage fees every month, and prefer to use cheaper
groundwater sources.
Whereas in areas that have not been
serviced by PDAM at all, the people have to find clean water sources with their
own efforts and they get clean water from ground water as the first choice in
meeting the need for clean water. This resulted in more and more groundwater
extraction by the community, resulting in a decrease in groundwater level
(Danaryanto et al., 2008a, amended as needed).
From reliable news sources from
television or the internet, it can be seen that groundwater extraction in big
cities and industrial centers in Indonesia has been very intensive. There are
many industries or hotels that have many production wells, there is even a
company with more than 20 wells with up to 8,000 m3 of ground water per day.
Then there is a decrease in the quantity and quality and environment of
groundwater in the centers of groundwater extraction (Danaryanto et al., 2005, amended
as needed). This creates a conflict between the industry and the community,
because of the negative impact of intensive groundwater extraction by the
industry in the form of a decrease in ground water level. As a result,
community wells become dry and polluted, although there is actually an
obligation for every industry to take ground water to provide 10% of the ground
water pumped to the surrounding community. But this is generally not done.
In addition, the thing that is quite
worrying is the change in groundwater recharge areas that turn into residential
areas, industries, and others. On the other hand due to the increase in
population, the need for water is increasing. Then it can be said that the
problem of ground water will become increasingly severe because of the reduced
availability of water and at the same time the water needs increase.
God willing, if realized,
Betterpad-Ray Mockup (Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated Fortress
"Mural Wall") will be built with attention to the problem of groundwater.
This is to maintain the quality and quantity of groundwater and prevent various
negative impacts from improper and excessive groundwater extraction, such as
land subsidence. The Betterpad-Ray mockup is the design of a building complex
for educational and socio-cultural purposes, so it is hoped that its design and
presence will not damage the environment if it has been built. For water needs,
usually large buildings do choose to make their own wells rather than through
the PDAM, because of course for large needs it is easier to take the
groundwater itself and this is already a normal thing. Basically, it is also
not common and it is difficult to fulfill water needs by taking water directly
from surface water, such as rivers and lakes. For areas with sufficient water
supply, taking water from surface water is a hassle. But there are also
countries that use surface water directly for water needs, even using sea
water. Saudi Arabia is a country with a geographic form of desert and it is
difficult to obtain ground water, unless there are wells such as the Zam-Zam
well in the city of Mecca. So Saudi Arabia processes sea water that tastes
salty so that it can be drunk, of course the water is not salty anymore.
The thing that becomes a problem in
groundwater extraction is if the collection of soil inside comes sucked along
with the ground water that comes out when pumped. The soil that is taken
continuously will reduce the soil below the surface so that if there is nothing
to support the soil surface and the underground space is getting bigger, then
there will be a decrease in the soil or collapse. This is certainly not
expected by various parties including if the Betterpad-Ray Mockup can be built.
If a land subsidence occurs, the building will be damaged and of course it is
very difficult to repair because it is almost impossible to raise the surface
of the land again. Not to mention the negative impact on a wider scope of
space, especially the community environment. Residents' houses can be damaged
and public facilities such as roads are damaged so they cannot be used
properly. So this must be prevented so that no more severe environmental damage
occurs.
Considering the large amount of
groundwater being sucked for large buildings, it must use the process of extracting
groundwater that is appropriate and does not damage the environment with the
role of experts. The most important thing is to significantly reduce the amount
of soil that is sucked in along with ground water by making wells that have the
right structure. Betterpad-Ray's design will use ground water for positive and
educational purposes, so it won't be used for fun, which is certainly wasteful.
In addition, the construction of buildings must provide water infiltration so
that the amount of available ground water can meet the needs well. If there is
no water absorption site, the water cannot enter the soil and can cause
flooding.
In addition to the practice, the
Betterpad-Ray Mockup can be used as a place to hold discussions or seminars on
groundwater issues. This can be done in the Civilization Pavilion (Pendapa
Peradaban) or Main Building. Groundwater problems need to be discussed by
various parties because in the present time there have been various problems of
groundwater which have a negative adverse effect. The solution must be
immediately sought, including ways to prevent it by treating groundwater
appropriately. Of course experts have the ability and useful thoughts,
especially for the general public. Therefore, Betterpad-Ray provides a place for
experts to talk about groundwater issues and hopefully it can be applied
properly and correctly with the roles of various parties involved.
Betterpad-Ray will also create a library with various book themes, in this case
water conservation. It should be for all agencies, organizations, or companies
to make libraries with positive readings so they can be read and add insight.
Shahada Mosque (Masjid Syahadat)
Civilization Pavilion (Pendapa Peradaban)
Betterpad-Ray Main Building
This is the explanation of the
article about the Betterpad-Ray (Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated
Fortress) model design. God willing, it can be realized. Aamiin. Sorry if there
is an error especially in this article.
Reference:
·
Robert
J. Kodoatie and Roestam Sjarief. Tata Ruang Air. 2010. Yogyakarta: ANDI.
(https://archive.org/stream/BukuArsitektur/1822_Tata%20Ruang%20Air#mode/2up)
(Architecture Hobby)
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