Surah At Tawbah verse 103:
خُذۡ مِنۡ أَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡ
صَدَقَةٗ تُطَهِّرُهُمۡ وَتُزَكِّيهِم بِهَا وَصَلِّ عَلَيۡهِمۡۖ إِنَّ صَلَوٰتَكَ
سَكَنٞ لَّهُمۡۗ وَٱللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ
١٠٣
103. Take, [O, Muhammad], from their wealth a
charity by which you purify them and cause them increase, and invoke [Allah 's
blessings] upon them. Indeed, your invocations are reassurance for them. And
Allah is Hearing and Knowing.
Zakat Al-Fitr is the zakat which is required in connection with
fasting in the month of Ramadan. Zakat Al Fitr to purify the fasting person of
bad deeds by giving food to the poor and fulfilling their needs during Ied.
Zakat Al Fitr is "tax" on Muslim individuals, while other taxes are
"tax" on property. Therefore, it is not stated on zakat al-Fitr as
the conditions in the form of haul and Nisab. Zakat al-Fitr is zakat per head,
meaning that everyone who has the person they bear also pays zakat from them,
most importantly they are Muslims. For example, in 1 family there is a father,
mother, and two children, then the father will pay zakat for 4 people including
himself. Goods for zakat Al Fitr are their own.
God willing, if the design of the Shahada Mosque (Masjid Syahadat)
from the Betterpad-Ray (Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated Fortress "Mural Wall") model/maquette can be realized, it will hold a receipt of zakat Al Fitr during the month of
Ramadan by forming a zakat committee (‘amil) which is the mosque administrator
or people around. Generally, payment of zakat Al Fitr is the busiest and most
important occurs on the last day of Ramadan ahead of Eid al-Fitr. What is clear
is that zakat Al Fitr is paid during the month of Ramadan until before the Id
Prayer. The Shahada Mosque is a mosque for Indonesia, so the law regarding
zakat Al Fitr is mainly the size of zakat per person based on what is often taught
or agreement of scholars in Indonesia. The following is a hadith about zakat Al
Fitr,
From Ibn Umar Ra said, "The Messenger of Allāh required
obligatory zakat Al Fitr one sha' dates or wheat on slaves, free people, men,
women, small children and adults from Muslims and ordered them to pay before
they came out to pray Id" (Mutafaq alaihi).
Based on the hadith, the food that must be paid for zakat Al Fitr
is staple food (rice / wheat / corn, etc.). The amount of zakat Al Fitr for the
current size is 2.5 kg (Maliki and Shafi'i mazhab), there are also scholars who
argue 2.75 kg, and there are also 3 kg who "might" that more is
better because the rest can be alms . According to Hanafi, what is paid is to
pay the price of basic food. So in Indonesia there are many Muslims who pay
zakat Al Fitr with money. 'Amil Masjid Syahadat (Shahada Mosque) in
Betterpad-Ray will measure the amount of zakat that paid and should be exceeds
the size specified. When paying zakat, handover will be carried out between the
giver and the committee in the name of Allah. Their names and the number of
people they bear (family), address, and the number and type of zakat will be
recorded by the committee. If with money, then the value is amounted to the
value / price of rice consumed daily, better the best / most expensive if
possible, not the cheapest. Then there must be an extension agent from the
government or the mosque management or work together to discuss it and find the
answer.
There are various opinions regarding who has the right to receive
zakat Al Fitr. The opinion of the Shafi'i is that the group entitled to receive
is in accordance with the Surah At Tawbah verse 60, namely the destitute, the
poor, 'amil, Muslim convert, riqab / slave-servant (essentially the slave to be
freed if he is able to redeem himself), gharim (essence have debt), who have
jihad fi sabilillah, and ibnu sabil (on the way). The opinion of the Maliki
mazhab group is that zakat is only given to the poor, based on the hadith
"Zakat fitrah is to give food to the poor (fakir miskin)" and hadith
"Enable them on this feast". Fakir is a person who is very miserable
in his life, has almost nothing in the form of assets, facilities and energy.
Poor is a person who has the ability to get money, but is still insufficient
for his life needs. As long as zakat Al Fitr is zakat, it should not be given
to people who are forbidden to receive zakat, such as those who disobey Islam,
who are apostates (out of Islam), wicked people, and so on. In conclusion,
‘Amil Masjid Syahadat (Shahada Mosque) will immediately distribute zakat Al
Fitr as soon as possible to the needy and poor. If there are no needy people in
the vicinity or there are still leftovers, then it can be given to other
regions by cooperation from the government.
This is the article from me. Hopefully the design of the Shahada
Mosque (Masjid Syahadat), which is part of the Betterpad-Ray (Benteng Terpadu
Raya / Great Integrated Fortress) model, can inspire and be realized. Aamiin.
Reference:
·
Kementerian
Agama Republik Indonesia, Direktorat Masyarakat Islam, Direktorat
Pemberdayagunaan Zakat. Panduan Zakat Praktis. 2013.
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