The Betterpad-Ray (Benteng Terpadu
Raya / Great Integrated Fortress) model is designed to suit Indonesia's
tropical climate. How many buildings in Indonesia are Western-style and no
longer fit the archipelago's architecture. They make houses or Western-style
buildings just for prestige, show off, and want to impress "West".
Though Western-style homes are not in accordance with Indonesia's climate.
Although it can be inhabited, but engineering so that the building feels cool
generally requires more costs such as the use of air conditioning. Indonesians
are not aware that the Indonesian people already have their own technology in
order to be able to face the hot tropical climate.
Climate is a condition that is
relatively unchanged in a large area. Indonesia is an archipelago that has a
tropical, hot and humid climate. Indonesia's tropical climate is caused by
being located around the equator (between 23.5 degrees north latitude and 23.5
degrees south latitude), precisely from 6 degrees north latitude to 11 degrees
south latitude. Therefore, throughout the year in Indonesia it always receives
sunlight so the temperature is always hot. The characteristic of Indonesian
traditional architecture that is related to hot climates is for example a roof that slope that is not too sloping so
that it can accommodate large amounts of air under the roof so as to give the
room coolness. In addition there are parts that are open, the wall does not
close tightly to the ceiling so as to facilitate air circulation. The original
Indonesian architecture does not recognize excessive glass walls or fields,
especially if there is no protection against direct sunlight and against rain
such as windows in Western buildings, because this is not in accordance with
the tropical climate.
The roofs of the Betterpad-Ray model
buildings also have less sloping slopes. Although there are large windows in
the Betterpad-Ray Main Building and depicted as having no protection from sunlight
and rain, the original form can be slightly minimized and the composition of
the wooden parts in the glass window increases. In addition, air vents in the
Main Building will be large enough so that air can enter and be given a barrier
wire so that it is not easily entered by animals or garbage. Above the
ventilation there is also a protector that can overcome the presence of dirt
from above and as a protection against the window from sunlight and rain. The
Shahada Mosque (Masjid Syahadat) has a high tajug (square pyramid) roof design
so that the room in the mosque feels cool when it is filled with people who
pray in congregation.
Betterpad-Ray Main Building
Shahada Mosque
In modern times, including
Indonesia, air conditioner (AC) has often been used mainly for public
facilities and public places that have used new technology. If the rooms in a
building are planned properly, then actually do not need an Air Conditioner.
The electrical energy needed to operate the air conditioner is quite large.
Sometimes there are additional costs for AC damage. The use of air conditioning
should be limited to saving energy and reducing environmental damage, no matter
how small the risk of using the AC produced. Traditional Indonesian homes, for
example the traditional Javanese house that I usually see is a house with
"free air entering". The Pendapa Peradaban (Civilization Pavilion) in
the Betterpad-Ray model is one example of a completely open building without
walls that is usually used by people to gather. Pendapa which can be referred
to as a pavilion is a typical Javanese building for certain occasions. Building
designs on the Betterpad-Ray model are also endeavored not to use air
conditioners, except for special places that need cold and clean air. If you
really need cooler air when it's hot, you can use an electronic fan.
Pendapa Peradaban (Civilization Pavilion)
I once felt that I was in the room
of an institution building, there are air conditioners and that the air vents
were closed to keep the air conditioner cool. But when the air conditioner is
off/damage, while the air is hot, everyone inside feels hot and has to open the
door and all the windows. Actually the use of air conditioner is indeed not
needed as long as air ventilation is properly regulated. Maybe the installation
of air conditioning should be in certain laboratories such as computer labs,
the air must be clean.
The existence of shady trees around
buildings or settlements can make the air and atmosphere cool. Basically,
Indonesian people who have been in the tropical islands since their ancestral
times and were born and raised in the tropics, should be able to adapt to hot
conditions both physiologically and culturally. So the Indonesian people do not
have to bother with hot air even though there is no air conditioner. The
Betterpad-Ray model has a tree design especially next to the building complex.
In addition, trees or plants can be located around the Betterpad-Ray complex
buildings either directly embedded in the ground or with pots.
This is the explanation of the
article about the Betterpad-Ray (Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated
Fortress) model design. God willing, it can be realized. Aamiin.
Reference:
·
Prof.
Ir. Eko Budihardjo, M.Sc. Jati Diri Arsitektur Indonesia. 1997. Bandung:
Penerbit Alumni. *Including from: (Otto
Sumarwoto: “Ekologi, lingkungan Hidup, dan Pembangunan”, hal. 318) and by Prof.Ir.Sidharta, as stated in
the reference book. (https://archive.org/stream/BukuArsitektur/1140_Jati%20Diri%20Arsitektur%20Indonesia#page/n1/mode/2up)
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