Saturday, May 18, 2019

THE STORY OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD - Banu Nadir War

The Banu Nadir event took place in the month of Rabiul Awal in the 4th year of Hijrah. The background of the Nadir war was when Jews made a malicious plan to kill Prophet Muhammad. One day Prophet Muhammad and Abu Bakr, Umar, Ali, and other companions were in the village of Banu Nadir. He wanted to ask them to pay a portion of the diyat (blood ransom) that was to be paid to the family of two Bani Amir people who were killed by Amr ibn Umaiyyah for misunderstanding after the Bi'r Ma'unah tragedy. According to the Medina agreement, the Jews must share together for the ransom. Some Jews want to obey and ask that he wait. At that time there were Jews who planned to kill him by dropping a large stone on the head of Prophet Muhammad from the top of the house. Amr ibn Jahasy was the one who wanted to do it. But by God's will, the angel Gabriel (Jibril) told Prophet Muhammad about their plans, then he immediately left the village of Banu Nadir. Then Prophet Muhammad explained to the Companions about the plan of the Jews to kill him. Jews indeed hate and revenge against Islam and Muslims. They are not experts in warfare, but they are experts in deception and conspiracy.

Then Rasulullah immediately ordered Muhammad ibn Maslamah to deliver Rasulullah's decision to the Banu Nadir due to the evil plan they wished to do. Rasulullah gave an ultimatum to get them out of Medina in 10 days. After that, if there are still those who have not yet left their village, they will be killed.

Initially Banu Nadir was willing to obey the Prophet's decision and was getting ready to leave the place. They already feel hopeless. But a hypocritical figure named Abdullah ibn Ubay told two people to provoke Banu Nadir to remain in their village while taking refuge in their fortress. Abdullah ibn Ubay promised to bring in 2,000 soldiers who were ready to help them fight the Muslims to the point of death. He also said that Banu Quraizah and Banu Gathafan were ready to help.

Allah SWT explained the incident in the Surah Al Hashr verse 11:

۞أَلَمۡ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ نَافَقُواْ يَقُولُونَ لِإِخۡوَٰنِهِمُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ لَئِنۡ أُخۡرِجۡتُمۡ لَنَخۡرُجَنَّ مَعَكُمۡ وَلَا نُطِيعُ فِيكُمۡ أَحَدًا أَبَدٗا وَإِن قُوتِلۡتُمۡ لَنَنصُرَنَّكُمۡ وَٱللَّهُ يَشۡهَدُ إِنَّهُمۡ لَكَٰذِبُونَ  ١١

11.  Have you not considered those who practice hypocrisy, saying to their brothers who have disbelieved among the People of the Scripture, "If you are expelled, we will surely leave with you, and we will not obey, in regard to you, anyone - ever; and if you are fought, we will surely aid you." But Allah testifies that they are liars.

Initially the Banu Nadir were still discuss about the statement from Abdullah ibn Ubay. They are still confused. Some did not believe Abdullah ibn Ubay at all. However, Huyayy ibn Akhtab, leader of the Banu Nadir, decided not to leave Medina and instead wanted to tell Rasulullah that they would not leave their villages and property. The Nadirs canceled their departure after provoked Abdullah ibn Ubay. Finally they remained in the fort and even dared to challenge Rasulullah to do anything. Actually Muslims feel heavy facing the Banu Nadir, because Banu Nadir has a strong fortress and is blocked by date palm plantations, so it is very risky if carried out attacks. But their grief due to the tragedy of betrayal at Bi'r Ma'unah earlier made them determined to fight Banu Nadir even though it was heavy.

Rasulullah and his troops left for the Bani Nadir village. Ali ibn Abi Talib was assigned to carry the troop banner and affairs in Medina were handed over to Abdullah ibn Umi Maktum. Arriving there, the Muslims immediately surrounded their residence. Jews of the Banu Nadir immediately took refuge in the fortress while throwing arrows and stones at the Muslims. Their defense is also difficult to penetrate because of the thick trees around their fort. So Rasulullah ordered to cut down the trees.

Surat Al Hashr verse 5:

مَا قَطَعۡتُم مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوۡ تَرَكۡتُمُوهَا قَآئِمَةً عَلَىٰٓ أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِ وَلِيُخۡزِيَ ٱلۡفَٰسِقِينَ  ٥
5.  Whatever you have cut down of [their] palm trees or left standing on their trunks - it was by permission of Allah and so He would disgrace the defiantly disobedient.

As it turned out, the assistance promised by Abdullah ibn Ubay had never come to the place of the Bani Nadir because it was merely nonsense. So the Banu Nadir became frightened and would only get a worse fate if they continued to argue. In less than 15 days of siege, they finally gave up and accepted the decision to leave the city of Medina provided they could bring their wives and their belongings except weapons. Rasulullah granted their request on the condition that every three people get one camel with a cargo of property and may carry supplies of food and drink at will. Then the Banu Nadir were driven out of the city of Medina while carrying their property and the humiliation of their betrayal. Some stopped at Khaibar and some arrived in the Sham region.

The property they left behind belonged to the Muslims which consisted of crops, 50 armor, 340 swords and their land. But their land is not included as a spoils of war and cannot be distributed to the Muslims.Rasulullah determined the distribution based on his wisdom. The land was distributed to Muhajirin groups after there was a special section that became the poor's rights. So the Muhajirites do not need to accept the assistance of the Ansar and they already have their own rights. From the Ansar side there was Abu Dujana and Sahl ibn Hunaif who were part of the land because they were registered as poor people. There are also two Bani Nadirs who converted to Islam because of property so that they could get their property back.

Presented by




(Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated Fortress)
Referensi:
·         Mubarakfuri, Syekh Shafiyyur-Rahman, dan Haidir, Abdullah (Penerjemah). 2005. Sejarah Hidup dan Perjuangan Rasulullah. Riyadh: Kantor Dakwah dan Bimbingan bagi Pendatang Al-Sulay.
·         Haekal, Muhammad Husain, dan Audah, Ali (Penerjemah). Sejarah Hidup Muhammad.
·         Al-Mubarakfuriyy, Syeikh Safy Al-Rahman. Seerah Nabawiyyah, Al-Raheeq Al-Makhtum.
·         Abu Muhammad Abdul Malik bin Hisyam Al-Muafiri. Sirah Nabawiyah Ibnu Hisyam. 2000. Jakarta Timur: Darul Falah.


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