Alhamdulillah, that's the sentence
that was said when the government, especially the Ministry of Religion, decided
on the date of the beginning of Ramadan after carrying out the isbat trial. How
glad the hearts of the Muslims to welcome a month full of blessings, that is
when doing good deeds in the month of Ramadan, the reward will multiply than in
other months. In this month, every Muslim who believes competes in worship and
acts of kindness, whether it is the obligatory Ramadan fasting, tarawih prayer,
tadarus (read and learn Qur'an), almsgiving, and so on. In determining the
beginning of the month of the Hijri year, especially the month of Ramadan in
this case, it is carried out based on the existence of a new moon (hilal) in
the form of a very thin arch in the western sky at sunset. So the beginning of
the day in the Hijri year starts from Maghrib, not at midnight (12 o'clock at
night) as in the year of the year (sun year). This determination must be done
carefully and understand astronomy so that the calculation is truly precise.
There are two ways that can be done to determine the beginning of fasting,
namely rukyat and reckoning (hisab).
Reckoning (hisab) is the calculation
of the position of the moon mathematically and astronomically to determine the
beginning of the Hijri month. While Rukyat is an activity to observe the
sighting of the new moon using both the naked eye and the telescope and is done
at sunset. In Indonesia, the initial determination of Ramadan was carried out
based on the deliberations of neighboring countries, namely MABIMS
(Deliberations of the Ministers of Religion of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia,
Malaysia and Singapore). The Indonesian government has several hilal observation
posts which can amount to more than one hundred points spread throughout the
territory of Indonesia. This observation was carried out at the end of the 29th
month of Sya'ban in the Hijri year at Maghrib. Because the period when the moon
and the sun are in the same longitude position of the sky if seen from the
earth occurs 29,531 days, then the number of days in one Hijri month can be 29
or 30 days. So, after the 29th in the Hijri month, the possibility is that
tomorrow is still the 30th or the 1st of the following month. Therefore, both
methods are needed to ensure the beginning of Ramadan.
I hope that if the design of the
Shahada Mosque (Masjid Syahadat) from the Betterpad-Ray (Benteng Terpadu Raya /
Great Integrated Fortress) model/maquette will later have a role in determining the
beginning of Ramadan. Therefore, I hope that the management of the Shahada
Mosque can form a special team to help determine the beginning of Ramadan by
the government. This team can also do the rukyat and reckoning (hisab) method to
ensure the position of the new moon. They will carry out tasks according to the
direction of the ministry of religion. Each observation team throughout
Indonesia has vowed to be honest and responsible with their observations.
Likewise with the Shahada mosque special team that I think must be able to be
responsible and honest, because they have sworn by Allah's name.
The Shahada mosque rukyat team from
Betterpad-Ray can observe from the Shahada tower, precisely on the top floor,
which is the seventh floor. The glass window on the seventh floor can be opened
to get a clearer view when trying to observe the new moon. This team made
observations using a standard telescope to facilitate observation. It is hoped
that the west of the Shahada mosque is a flat area so that the observation of
the new moon position is not blocked by any object, except due to weather
factors. If this team manages to observe the new moon, then they will report it
to the ministry of religion so that it can be used as thing for consideration
to determine the beginning of Ramadan.
The management of the Shahada Mosque
from Betterpad-Ray also tried to do reckoning (hisab) in the beginning
determination of Ramadan by working with various parties. Hisab can be done
before rukyat is done, even long before rukyat. Hisab method at the Shahada
Mosque is done by using a computer with a high degree of accuracy. Now there
are also various software which of course can be used to simplify the method of
reckoning. But clearly, the members of the reckoning method team are experts
who can do this method well and can be trusted. Therefore, the factor of human
resources is the most important thing. The results of the reckoning method can
be used as a reference in rukyat or can also be used as a basis for the initial
determination of Ramadan based on agreed criteria.
There is also the istikmal method
(fulfilled), that is if the new moon fails to be observed due to certain
factors, then the number of days in one month of the hijri calendar is
fulfilled to 30 days. Whatever the method, which is important in accordance
with Islamic law and does not cause a break up of the people.
Surah Yunus verse 5:
هُوَ
ٱلَّذِي جَعَلَ ٱلشَّمۡسَ ضِيَآءٗ وَٱلۡقَمَرَ نُورٗا وَقَدَّرَهُۥ مَنَازِلَ
لِتَعۡلَمُواْ عَدَدَ ٱلسِّنِينَ وَٱلۡحِسَابَۚ مَا خَلَقَ ٱللَّهُ ذَٰلِكَ إِلَّا
بِٱلۡحَقِّۚ يُفَصِّلُ ٱلۡأٓيَٰتِ لِقَوۡمٖ يَعۡلَمُونَ ٥
5. It is He who made the sun a shining light and
the moon a derived light and determined for it phases - that you may know the
number of years and account [of time]. Allah has not created this except in
truth. He details the signs for a people who know
Surah Al Baqarah verse 185:
شَهۡرُ
رَمَضَانَ ٱلَّذِيٓ أُنزِلَ فِيهِ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانُ هُدٗى لِّلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَٰتٖ
مِّنَ ٱلۡهُدَىٰ وَٱلۡفُرۡقَانِۚ فَمَن شَهِدَ مِنكُمُ ٱلشَّهۡرَ فَلۡيَصُمۡهُۖ
وَمَن كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوۡ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٖ فَعِدَّةٞ مِّنۡ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَۗ
يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ بِكُمُ ٱلۡيُسۡرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ ٱلۡعُسۡرَ وَلِتُكۡمِلُواْ
ٱلۡعِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُواْ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ مَا هَدَىٰكُمۡ وَلَعَلَّكُمۡ
تَشۡكُرُونَ ١٨٥
185. The month of Ramadhan [is that] in which was
revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for the people and clear proofs of guidance and
criterion. So whoever sights [the new moon of] the month, let him fast it; and
whoever is ill or on a journey - then an equal number of other days. Allah
intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship and [wants] for you
to complete the period and to glorify Allah for that [to] which He has guided
you; and perhaps you will be grateful.
This is the article from me.
Hopefully the design of the Shahada Mosque (Masjid Syahadat), which is part of
the Betterpad-Ray (Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated Fortress) model/maquette, can
inspire and be realized. Aamiin.
Reference:
·
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisab_dan_rukyat
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