Sunday, May 19, 2019

MAQUETTE BETTERPAD-RAY - Reinforced Concrete Frame in the Design of the Shahada Mosque (Masjid Syahadat)


Concrete is a building component that functions to press. If the load on it is heavier then it is very possible to flex when the concrete is installed as a horizontal beam and will bend if installed vertically. The flexing and bending received by the concrete certainly cannot be restrained, because the concrete is rigid or not elastic so it needs to be given an iron frame. With this combination, reinforced concrete can function as a channel for the load on it.



Concrete is made from a combination of natural materials which are stirred with certain compositions in order to obtain the desired compressive strength. Natural materials for concrete are sand, cement, split rock and water. Reinforced concrete commonly used for simple buildings has a comparison of materials, namely 1 part cement, 2 parts sand, and 3 parts split rock mixed with water. Portland cement is a type that is often used. The strength of concrete can be expressed by K followed by the figure behind it, for example K100, K125, K200, K250, and so on. That is, concrete can withstand certain loads in an area size expressed in units of kg/cm3. For example, the K200 means that concrete can withstand a load of 200 kg/cm3.

In addition to strength figures, another factor that needs to be considered is the thickness of concrete. For example, there are structures that require soft or runny concrete, and there are also those that require rather hard or thick concrete.

In simple buildings, there are three types of reinforced concrete in terms of position, namely sloof, column and beam ring. There are also other types of reinforced concrete in buildings that are more complicated, for example for stairs and terraced floors. The following are the types of reinforced concrete based on their position.

a. Sloof, namely reinforced concrete which is placed horizontally on the foundation. The point is to level the load that works against the foundation and binder of the lower structure of the base of the column. Sloof length is the same as foundation. The size of the sloof depends on the type of building. For one-story buildings, 15 cm wide and 20 cm high.

b. Concrete column or concrete pole, which is part of the upper structure placed vertically. The concrete column serves as a binder for the brick wall pairs and the successor of the load from top to foundation. The distance between the concrete columns is 3-4 m. The size can be adjusted to the load received, usually the same as the width of the brick, with four pieces of iron reinforcement with a diameter of 10 mm. The iron rings used are 6-8 mm in diameter with a distance between rings 15-20 cm. In multi-storey buildings, the distance between columns can reach 4-5 meters with a larger column size, around 20 x 25 cm, with six reinforced iron 12 mm diameter with a distance between rings 15-20 cm.

c. Ring beam is part of the structure that is located above the masonry. Ring beams serve as a pedestal for roof construction and a brick wall pair at the top. Beveled ring beams (on the gable) can be used as footing.

d. Beams are part of the upper structure for floor holders and upper column binders. The beam functions as a horizontal reinforcement frame of the building that will get a load bearing. In the beam, there is a middle area that flexes (called the field) and the end area that holds the support (called support). The field area holds the load from above, so it can curve downward and can be overcome by increasing the amount of iron in this area. While the top of the pedestal will experience a withdrawal so that it needs more iron.

e. Concrete plates, can function as floors in multi-storey buildings or roofs (for flat roofs). The end of the concrete plate is bound by a beam as its support. The minimum thickness of the concrete plate for the floor is 12 cm, while the minimum thickness of the concrete plate for the roof is 8 cm. Concrete plates can also be used for roof terrace or ground floor in industrial buildings or factories because they withstand heavy loads.

God willing, if it can be realized, the construction of the Shahada Mosque (Masjid Syahadat) from the Betterpad-Ray (Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated Fortress) model must pay attention to the strength of the reinforced concrete seriously. In essence, so that the building is strong and can stand firm so that it is safe for visitors. Materials for reinforced concrete must be in accordance with accurate calculations, should not be reduced. In addition, the quality of materials is also important to note. The concrete used for buildings including the Shahada Mosque is class 2 concrete used for structural work and for this design uses a large force of pressure due to the large size of the mosque, for example K200 or K225. In addition to class 2, there is class 1 concrete for non-structural (without reinforcement) work and grade 3 concrete of quality above K225 for heavy loads such as overpasses or bridges.

Reinforced concrete can also provide an element of art and beauty in buildings, especially the design of the Shahada Mosque. Concrete columns for multi-storey floors are generally larger than the width of the brick walls so that they stand out from the outside. With a vertical position and the same distance between columns, it can be beautiful. Especially if given a contrasting color with the color of the wall. For example if the wall is yellow, then the appearance of the concrete column can be green, the color that is suitable for the Shahada Mosque. The Shahada Mosque also has stairs that also use reinforced concrete. Stairs must also be designed beautifully and strong so that it is comfortable for visitors.



This is the article from me. Hopefully the design of the Shahadt Mosque (Masjid Syahadat), which is part of the Betterpad-Ray (Benteng Terpadu Raya / Great Integrated Fortress) model, can inspire and be realized. Aamiin.


Reference:
·         Susanta, Gatut, and friends. Membangun Masjid & Mushola. 2007. Depok: Penebar Swadaya. (https://archive.org/stream/BukuArsitektur/1048_Membangun%20Masjid%20dan%20Mushola#mode/2up)



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